Multilevel and multidimensional features of socioeconomic status and cognitive function in older adulthood: a cross-sectional analysis of the IGNITE study.

Background: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia, yet reliance on singular indicators of SES limits understanding of these relationships. We examined multiple SES characteristics at the individual and area-levels simultaneously in association with diverse cognitive processes in a large, community-dwelling older adult sample.

Methods: Data collected at three United States sites (Boston, Pittsburgh, Kansas City) included a comprehensive cognitive assessment comprising measures of episodic memory, executive function, processing speed, working memory, and visuospatial abilities.

Effects of mindfulness and exercise on cognition and emotion in adults with mild deficits in the chronic post-stroke phase: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Individuals with stroke often face cognitive and emotional challenges. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), physical exercise (PE), and computerized cognitive training (CCT) are promising approaches to incorporate into post-stroke rehabilitation.

Objectives: To determine whether adding MBSR or PE to CCT improves cognition and mental health more than CCT alone, and whether any benefits are mediated by gains in mindfulness or fitness.

Fitness and exercise effects on brain age: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Midlife lifestyle factors, including physical activity, are associated with late-life brain health, yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.

Methods: In a single-blind, 12-month randomized clinical trial, 130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.

Arterial stiffness moderates the link between NfL and cognition: The IGNITE study.

Introduction: Arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) and plasma neurofilament light (NfL), markers of vascular and neuroaxonal aging, are linked to cognitive decline. Whether higher cfPWV amplifies the NfL-cognition relationship remains unclear.

Methods: Cognitively unimpaired older adults (N = 570) were assessed using composite cognitive scores from confirmatory factor analysis.

DNA methylation associations with cognitive function in early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients.

Background: Approximately one-third of breast cancer (BC) patients show poorer cognitive function (CF). Using DNA methylation (DNAm) data, here we aimed to identify genes and biological pathways associated with CF in postmenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive (HR+) BC.

Methods: Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) and differentially methylated region analyses were performed for each CF phenotype (seven objective domains and one subjective phenotype) using DNAm data from whole blood samples ( = 109) taken at the time of enrollment.

The YoungFitT project: Study protocol for a randomized mixed-methods trial of physical exercise and mind-body interventions, with or without virtual reality, in university students.

Background: Mental health issues among young university students have increased in recent years, driven by academic stress and sedentary lifestyles. The YoungFitT Project aims to explore well-being strategies and the psychobiological mechanisms behind their effects on university students. The project includes two studies: the first evaluates the effectiveness of High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), and Qigong (QG) on psychological well-being and cognitive functions, and also explores whether socio-demographic, mental (mindful thinking, sleep quality), physical (physical fitness, physical activity), physiological (heart rate variability), and biological (microbiota) factors mediate or moderate intervention effects on university students.

Adverse Events during a 12-Month Multisite Dose-Response Aerobic Exercise Intervention.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse events (AE) in older adults participating in a year-long exercise intervention, investigating potential dose-response relationships between exercise duration and AE frequency, and identifying demographic factors associated with AE risk.

Methods: A total of 648 older adults were randomized into one of three exercise groups: low-intensity stretching and toning (S&T), 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week (150Ex), or 225 minutes of aerobic exercise per week (225Ex). Adverse events were tracked during the intervention, with event rates calculated based on participant adherence and time in the study.

White matter microstructure mediates the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance in older adults.

Introduction: Age-related cognitive decline occurs, in part, due to diminishing white matter integrity. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with better cognitive performance, but the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association remain uncertain. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have suggested that CRF-related changes in white matter microstructure might prevent or slow age-related cognitive decline, but have been limited by small sample sizes and methodological limitations.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue-secreted proteins as endocrine regulators of physical and cognitive function in older adults.

Declines in skeletal muscle and cognitive function in older adults have been linked to abnormalities in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), yet the underlying molecular mediators remain poorly understood. Here, leveraging ASAT transcriptomics and explant-conditioned media proteomics from participants in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA; age ≥70 years, n = 229), we identified ASAT gene clusters and secreted proteins strongly associated with comprehensive assessments of physical and cognitive function in older adults. ASAT inflammation and secreted immunoglobulins were identified as key signatures of aging-associated physical and cognitive performance limitations.

Gait Variability Is Associated With Gray Matter Volumes Implicated in Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From the AGUEDA Trial.

Background And Objectives: Aging is associated with both gait impairments and cognitive decline; however, the relationship between specific gait variability parameters, gray matter volume (GMV), and cognitive function remains poorly understood. This study aims to examine the associations between gait variability parameters (derived from stride length, step length, step time, and gait velocity) and GMV and its associations with cognitive function in cognitively normal older adults.

Research Design And Methods: Eighty-seven older adults (48 female) aged 65-80 from the AGUEDA trial participated in this cross-sectional analysis.

Sex Differences in Absolute Cardiovascular Risk Profiles Among Rural Midlife and Elderly Kenyans: Influence of Obesity, Physical Activity, Smoking, and Blood Pressure Control.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) will be the leading cause of mortality in Africa by 2030. Yet, little is known about the key drivers of CVD risk in the region. To examine the risk factors associated with CVD risk in a sample of rural midlife and elderly Kenyans.

Investigating the effects of a randomized, double-blinded aerobic, resistance, and cognitive training clinical trial on neurocognitive function in older adults with cardiovascular risk factors: the ACTIONcardioRisk protocol.

Background: Lifestyle factors like exercise and cognitive stimulation might help improve cognitive performance in older adults. However, studies investigating this, reported mixed results. Most of the data supporting the benefit of exercise comes from cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, or short intervention studies of 3-6 months with poorly designed control groups.

Beyond FITT: addressing density in understanding the dose-response relationships of physical activity with health-an example based on brain health.

Research on physical activity (PA) and health has a fundamental concern with dose-response relationships. The variables of (1) Frequency, (2) Intensity, (3) Time, and (4) Type (i.e.

Longitudinal associations between self-reported exercise levels and cognition in ADAD.

Introduction: This study examined longitudinal associations between self-reported exercise and cognition, with moderation by sex, in individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) mutations. We also examined whether changes in exercise over time differed in ADAD mutation carriers versus non-carriers in the years preceding first cognitive symptom onset.

Methods: Participants (n = 491) were ADAD mutation carriers (63%) and non-carriers (37%) from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network aged 37.

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Secreted Proteins as Endocrine Regulators of Physical and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.

Declines in skeletal muscle and cognitive function in older adults have been linked to abnormalities in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), yet the underlying molecular mediators remain poorly understood. Here, leveraging ASAT transcriptomics and explant-conditioned media proteomics from participants in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA; age ≥70 years, n = 229), we identified ASAT gene clusters and secreted proteins strongly associated with comprehensive assessments of physical and cognitive function in older adults. ASAT inflammation and secreted immunoglobulins were identified as key signatures of aging-associated physical and cognitive performance limitations.

Physical activity may mitigate sleep-related cognitive deficits in older adults: Findings from the IGNITE study.

Introduction: Poor sleep is commonly associated with poorer cognition in older adults. Unfortunately, effective sleep improvement therapies for older adults are limited in their accessibility and have shown only subtle effects on cognition. Physical activity, however, is associated with better cognition in older adults and may compensate for cognitive deficits related to poor sleep.

Association of 24 h-movement behaviors with cerebral and hippocampal amyloid beta levels and executive function in cognitively normal older adults: a compositional data analysis from the AGUEDA trial.

Objectives: This study investigated the associations between movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration), global and hippocampal amyloid beta levels, and executive function in cognitively normal older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Active Gains in brain Using Exercise During Aging study, including 86 participants (mean age 71.51 years, 57% female).

Mental health mediates the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance in European schoolchildren.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the potential mediating role of mental health in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and academic performance in European schoolchildren.

Method: The study followed a cross-sectional design. 507 schoolchildren (51.

Effects of Mindfulness and Exercise on Growth Factors, Inflammation, and Stress Markers in Chronic Stroke: The MindFit Project Randomized Clinical Trial.

: Stroke often leads to persistent cognitive and emotional impairments, which rehabilitation may mitigate. However, the biological mechanisms underlying such improvements remain unclear. This study investigated whether supplementing computerized cognitive training (CCT) with mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) or physical exercise (PE) modulated biomarkers of neuroplasticity, inflammation, and stress in patients with chronic stroke compared to CCT alone.

Self-report and actigraphy measures of sleep and domain-specific cognitive performance in older adults.

Poor sleep is associated with worse cognitive function in older adults. However, nuanced associations between sleep and cognition might be masked by the multidimensional nature of sleep which requires multiple approaches (e.g.

Lifetime estrogen exposure and domain-specific cognitive performance: results from the IGNITE study.

Introduction: Disruptions in estrogen exposure (i.e., surgically induced menopause) have been linked to poorer cognitive aging and dementia risk.

12-Year Physical Activity Trajectories and Epigenetic Age Acceleration Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

To examine the association between trajectories of physical activity (PA) over 12 years and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in 3600 middle-aged and older adults of the Health and Retirement Study. Latent variable mixture modeling identified subgroups with similar trajectories of vigorous, moderate, and light PA from 2004 to 2016. Six EAAs, including Horvath's age acceleration, Hannum's age acceleration, GrimAge acceleration, PhenoAge acceleration, DunedinPoAm acceleration, and ZhangAA were calculated by regressing epigenetic age on chronological age in 2016.

24-Hour time use and cognitive performance in late adulthood: results from the Investigating Gains in Neurocognition in an Intervention Trial of Exercise (IGNITE) study.

Objective: This cross-sectional study examined associations between 24-hour time-use composition (i.e. sleep, sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and cognitive performance and explored whether demographic or genetic factors moderated these relationships.

Associations Between Episodic Memory and Hippocampal Volume in Late Adulthood.

Different tasks of episodic memory (EM) are only moderately correlated with each other. Furthermore, various EM tasks exhibit disproportional relationships with the hippocampus. This study examined the covariance structure of EM tasks and assessed whether this structure relates differently to hippocampal volume (HV) in a sample of 648 cognitively unimpaired older adults (mean age = 69.

Blood biomarkers differentiate AD-related versus non-AD-related cognitive deficits.

Introduction: The utility of blood-based biomarkers for discriminating Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related versus non-AD-related cognitive deficits in preclinical populations remains poorly understood. Here, we tested the capability of blood markers to detect and discriminate variation in performance across multiple cognitive domains in a cognitively unimpaired sample.

Methods: Participants (n = 648, aged 69.