What does "success" look like in compliance check decisions by the European Chemicals Agency? The curious cases of accepted read-across adaptations.

Under the European Union's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is required to assess the compliance of safety data submitted by chemical registrants. ECHA must check a proportion of registration dossiers for compliance. From 2010 to 2023, 4,854 compliance checks (CCHs) were conducted.

A workflow for human health hazard evaluation using transcriptomic data and Key Characteristics-based gene sets.

Key characteristics (KCs) are properties of chemicals that are associated with different types of human health hazards. KCs are used for systematic reviews in support of hazard identification. Transcriptomic data are a rich source of mechanistic data and are frequently interpreted through "enriched" pathways/gene sets.