Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, sleep disturbances, and body mass index in college students.

Objective: To examine whether body mass index (BMI), sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness differed by ADHD diagnostic status, and to investigate the role of sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in the ADHD-BMI relationship.

Participants: Participants were 72,040 18-25-year-old respondents to the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment III (ACHA-NCHA III).

Method: Welch's t-tests and a serial mediation model were conducted.

Self-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Illicit Drug Use and Prescription Medication Misuse Among U.S. Working-Age Adults.

Objective: To estimate differences by self-reported lifetime ADHD diagnosis status in the percentage of U.S. working-age (18- to 64-year-old) adults in 2023 who report lifetime and past-year use or misuse of 11 different categories of illicit drugs and prescription medications, overall and among those without a self-reported drug use disorder (DUD).

A meta-analytic review of cognitive behavior therapy and motivational interviewing for adolescent and young adult sleep concerns.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidenced-based treatment for sleep concerns but may be insufficient on its own to resolve adolescent sleep problems - combining this treatment with motivational interviewing may result in more robust improvements to sleep in adolescents and young adults (AYA). This study aimed to conduct the first meta-analysis of integrated CBT and motivational interviewing (MI) for AYA sleep concerns. Following PRISMA guidelines, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched through January 2024.

College during COVID-19: The pandemic's effect on college adjustment in first year students with ADHD.

The current study aims to compare college adjustment and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on first-year students with and without ADHD. Two cohorts (pre-pandemic, during the pandemic) of first-year, undergraduate college students ( = 3,006; =18.32) were recruited from a multisite research consortium across several universities.

Life in the fast lane: the role of temporal processing in risk-taking behaviors.

An existing theoretical framework proposes that aberrant temporal processing and a fast internal clock, denoted by overestimation and under-reproduction of time, increases the likelihood of engagement in risky behaviors (ERB). The primary aim of this project was to improve our understanding of the relationship between temporal processing and ERB in college students. The present study used the Wittmann and Paulus (2008) theoretical framework to examine the associations between temporal processing and ERB in college students.

Autism and sexual and gender minority identity in college students: Examination of self-reported rates, functional outcomes, and treatment engagement.

Autistic individuals and those who identify with a sexual and/or gender minority are both at risk for various mental health concerns and related impairments. However, the connection between autism and sexual and/or gender minorities and mental health and functional outcomes is not clear. Here, we provide evidence of these connections by analyzing data from a large nationally representative dataset from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III.

Mental health, coping, and protective factors in mothers of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Compared to the large body of maternal mental health research for other pediatric disorders, we know far less about the experience of mothers of children with 22q11DS. This study investigates the coping methods, protective factors, and mental health of this population. These findings might lead to better support for 22q11DS maternal mental health.

Primary prevention of prescription stimulant misuse in first-year college students.

Eight percent of college students report past year prescription stimulant misuse (nonmedical use of stimulants defined as taking stimulants in a manner other than prescribed). Despite this high prevalence rate, primary prevention efforts are lacking on college campuses. A prescription stimulant misuse primary prevention intervention targeting first-year college students was developed, refined, and pilot tested.

Understanding ADHD in AAPI College Students: Prevalence, Comorbidities, Impairments, and Treatment Utilization.

Objective: Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students with ADHD may face increased risk for college maladjustment due to cultural factors and a tendency to delay treatment. This is the first study to examine ADHD prevalence, ADHD-related impairments and comorbidities, and ADHD treatment utilization in AAPI college students.

Method: AAPI, White, Hispanic, and Black undergraduates ( = 258,005) from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II survey were included in the study.

Brief Report: Sensory Features Associated with Autism After Controlling for ADHD Symptoms.

Background: Sensory processing differences are reported both in children with ADHD and in children with autism. Given the substantial overlap between autism and ADHD, the current study examined which sensory features were uniquely predictive of autistic traits after controlling for ADHD symptoms, age, IQ, and sex in a sample of children and adolescents with autism aged 6-17 years.

Methods: The sample included 61 children and adolescents with autism.

Sexual Assault, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use in College Women: The Role of Resilience and Campus Belonging.

Understanding the mental health outcomes of sexual assault among college women is a public health priority. Although research has identified risk factors for the development of mental health problems following an assault, few studies have utilized a strengths-based approach to identify personal and social resources that may mediate the sexual assault-mental health link. Prior studies allude to the role of resilience and perceived campus belonging in explaining the relationship between sexual assault and mental health.

Moderation of Risks to Sexual Health by Substance Use in College Students With ADHD.

Poor sexual health is a public health concern for college students and individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet limited information is available on the sexual health of college students with ADHD. Here, the sexual health of college students with and without ADHD was described and moderators of risk to sexual health were identified. A secondary data analysis of the National College Health Assessment III (Fall 2019, Spring 2020, and Fall 2020 administrations) was conducted using a sample of sexually active undergraduate students (N = 36,236).

A Preliminary Evaluation of a Brief Behavioral Parent Training for Challenging Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit challenging behaviors. Existing behavioral parent trainings (BPT) address ASD symptomology, but are lengthy and associated with significant attrition. In the current pilot study, a longitudinal randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate a novel brief BPT targeting caregivers of children with ASD ages 5-9.

Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit.

Objective: Increased prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) is part of a growing polysubstance use landscape. The purpose of the present study was to characterize prescription stimulant NMU among adults reporting past 5-year non-oral prescription stimulant NMU.

Methods: Adults who reported non-oral prescription stimulant NMU within the last 5 years were recruited by banner ads placed on the Reddit website between February and September 2019.

Non-medical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among College Students: Non-oral Routes of Administration, Risk Factors, Motivations, and Pathways.

Non-medical use (NMU) of prescription stimulant medications is a continuing public health concern. Stimulant medications prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are widely available on college campuses, and, as a consequence, college students may have multiple opportunities to engage in prescription stimulant NMU. This online self-report survey examined prescription stimulant NMU among college students, including: (1) patterns of non-oral route of administration (ROA); (2) motivations for non-oral ROAs; and (3) retrospectively recalled pathways of initiation.

Longitudinal Psychiatric and Developmental Outcomes in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Objective: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common genetic deletion syndrome associated with psychiatric disorders and developmental delays. A significant amount of 22q11DS research literature is published annually; here, we focus exclusively on longitudinal data that have been published in the past 5 years regarding psychiatric disorders and/or cognitive and social development.

Smaller subcortical volumes and enlarged lateral ventricles are associated with higher global functioning in young adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia.

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a developmental genetic syndrome associated with a 30% risk for developing schizophrenia. Lateral ventricles and subcortical structures are abnormal in this syndrome as well as in schizophrenia.

Characterizing Pathways of Non-oral Prescription Stimulant Non-medical Use Among Adults Recruited From Reddit.

Prescription stimulant non-medical use (NMU) is a national predicament. While the risks of prescription stimulant NMU have been considered, less is known about non-oral use. To focus on this gap, a sample of adults with non-oral prescription stimulant NMU within the last 5-years was recruited.

A Genetics-First Approach to Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Autism: Phenotypic Comparison of Autism Risk Copy Number Variants.

Objective: Certain copy number variants (CNVs) greatly increase the risk of autism. The authors conducted a genetics-first study to investigate whether heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of autism is underpinned by specific genotype-phenotype relationships.

Methods: This international study included 547 individuals (mean age, 12.

Abnormalities in white matter tracts in the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit are associated with verbal performance in 22q11.2DS.

Background: Abnormalities in fronto-striatal-thalamic (FST) sub-circuits are present in schizophrenia and are associated with cognitive impairments. However, it remains unknown whether abnormalities in FST sub-circuits are present before psychosis onset. This may be elucidated by investigating 22q11.