"Ignite & engage:" A mixed methods evaluation of a peer-led, school-based substance use prevention program.

Background: Substance use often begins in adolescence, making early identification and prevention essential to avert downstream harms, including substance use disorders. This study evaluated the impact of a peer-led, school-based storytelling program on participating middle- and high school students.

Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey was distributed from 2014 to 2020 to Midwestern middle and high-schoolers who had attended a school-based event, "Ignite & Engage," led by a recovery community organization (RCO).

Recruiting Hard-to-Reach Populations Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced many challenges for conducting research, particularly for research studies reliant on community-based sample generation strategies. In late 2021, we undertook two qualitative research studies for which we needed to identify and recruit hard-to-reach populations from the community. This brief describes our approach to adapting traditional, in-person methods to virtual means of disseminating study information and connecting with potential participants, with implications for future recruitment efforts in situations when in-person options are constrained.

Patient Preferences for Diagnostic Imaging: CTA vs MRA When Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism.

Objective: To identify preferences regarding choice of diagnostic imaging (computed tomographic angiography [CTA] vs magnetic resonance angiography [MRA]) for the evaluation of pulmonary embolism.

Methods: We conducted 4 focus group discussions with residents of 2 Wisconsin cities. Community members ≥18 years old were recruited via telephone using a commercially available telephone database.

Core Elements of Shared Decision-making for Women Considering Breast Cancer Screening: Results of a Modified Delphi Survey.

Background: The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends individualized breast cancer screening for average-risk women before age 50, advised by risk assessment and shared decision-making (SDM). However, the foundational principles of this recommendation that would inform decision support tools for patients and primary care physicians at the point of care have not been codified. Determining the core elements of SDM for breast cancer screening as valued by patients and primary care providers (PCPs) is necessary for implementing effective SDM tools.

Family and transplant professionals' views of organ recovery before circulatory death for imminently dying patients: A qualitative study using semistructured interviews and focus groups.

Donation before circulatory death for imminently dying patients has been proposed to address organ scarcity and harms of nondonation. To characterize stakeholder attitudes about organ recovery before circulatory death we conducted semistructured interviews with family members (N = 15) who had experienced a loved one's unsuccessful donation after circulatory death and focus groups with professional stakeholders (surgeons, anesthesiologists, critical care specialists, palliative care specialists, organ procurement personnel, and policymakers, N = 46). We then used qualitative content analysis to characterize these perspectives.

How participants report their health status: cognitive interviews of self-rated health across race/ethnicity, gender, age, and educational attainment.

Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is widely used to measure subjective health. Yet it is unclear what underlies health ratings, with implications for understanding the validity of SRH overall and across sociodemographic characteristics. We analyze participants' explanations of how they formulated their SRH answer in addition to which health factors they considered and examine group differences in these processes.

Using the Consumer Experience with Pharmacy Services Survey as a quality metric for ambulatory care pharmacies: older adults' perspectives.

Objectives: To describe older adults' perceptions of evaluating and comparing pharmacies based on the Consumer Experience with Pharmacy Services Survey (CEPSS), describe older adults' perceived importance of the CEPSS and its specific domains, and explore older adults' perceptions of the influence of specific CEPSS domains in choosing/switching pharmacies.

Design: Focus group methodology was combined with the administration of a questionnaire. The focus groups explored participants' perceived importance of the CEPSS and their perception of using the CEPSS to choose and/or switch pharmacies.

The structural and process aspects of pharmacy quality: older adults' perceptions.

Background: Patients are increasingly playing an active role in healthcare and their definitions of healthcare quality are becoming more important to understand. The Donabedian model has been used to understand patients’ perceptions of quality in healthcare settings including hospitals and nursing homes; no research has applied the model to understand patients’ perceptions of pharmacy quality.

Objective: To describe older adults’ perception of a quality pharmacy including their expectations of a quality pharmacy and their preferences in a quality pharmacy.

Safeguarding older adults from inappropriate over-the-counter medications: the role of community pharmacists.

Purpose Of The Study: To elicit the thought process or mental model that community pharmacists use when making recommendations on over-the-counter (OTC) medications to older adults and to elicit the current practices of community pharmacists in providing information, advice, and counseling to older adults about potentially inappropriate OTC medications.

Design And Methods: Three separate focus groups with pharmacists were conducted with 5 to 8 pharmacists per group. A vignette about an elderly woman seeking an OTC sleep aid was used to elicit information that pharmacists seek to establish when making a recommendation.