Clinical study outcomes in IgA nephropathy: A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis.

Introduction: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an inflammatory kidney disease which, if left untreated, often progresses to kidney failure (KF). This systematic literature review identifies, collates, summarizes, and assesses the quality of clinical trial data describing the efficacy of therapies used for IgAN.

Methods: Ovid Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews were searched on October 18th, 2021, and updated on December 12th, 2023.

Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with a significantly elevated risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), which contribute to morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines for VTE prophylaxis in patients with NS are based on limited evidence, primarily from observational studies. This review describes the complexities of hypercoagulability in NS, with a focus on aspirin as a potential prophylactic agent.

Kidney transplant in patients with C3 glomerulopathy.

Complement protein 3 (C3) glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare and progressive kidney disease primarily affecting young individuals and frequently advancing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). For ESKD, kidney transplantation remains the optimal treatment option; however, C3G has a high recurrence rate post-transplantation, affecting over two-thirds of transplanted patients. Despite advances in our understanding of C3G, significant gaps persist regarding the optimal timing for transplantation and the best strategies for peri-transplant management.

Intravenous Magnesium and Cisplatin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

Importance: Cisplatin-associated acute kidney injury (CP-AKI) is a frequent complication of cisplatin chemotherapy and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic administration of intravenous (IV) magnesium attenuates CP-AKI in animal models; however, its association with CP-AKI in humans has not been rigorously evaluated.

Objective: To evaluate the association of prophylactic IV magnesium administration with CP-AKI in patients with cancer undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy.

Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential: A Review of its Cardiorenal Implications and Aging.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a non-malignant state characterized by hematopoietic stem cells exhibiting clonality driven by acquired mutations during aging. Using next generation sequencing (NGS), it has been reported that the prevalence of CHIP increases exponentially with age. Thus far, epigenetic mutations including DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 are the most common mutations identified in driving CHIP.

Immunotherapy and Cellular Therapies for Cancers in Kidney Transplant Patients.

Background: Kidney transplant is the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease, with longer survival and better quality of life posttransplant. However, long-term immunosuppression comes with an increased risk of cancer and infection. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death after kidney transplant.

Cancer diagnosis and prognosis after initiation of hemodialysis: multicenter Japan CANcer and DialYsis (J-CANDY) study.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death among patients on hemodialysis; however, the data on its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are limited. Here we analyzed the surgical practice patterns and outcomes of patients on hemodialysis with cancer and compared them with those of general cancer patients from the National Cancer Center database.

Methods: This nationwide registry enrolled hemodialysis patients who were subsequently diagnosed with primary cancers of the kidney, colorectum, stomach, lung, liver, bladder, pancreas and breast in 20 hospitals in Japan between 2010 and 2012.

Recent Updates in the Diagnosis and Management of Kidney Diseases in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) represents a difficult-to-treat plasma cell malignancy and the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults, significantly impacting kidney function. The spectrum of kidney involvement in MM is broad, encompassing electrolyte imbalances, tubular injury, and even rare glomerular diseases. The evolution of MM treatment modalities has led to notable improvements in the long-term survival of patients experiencing kidney-related complications.

The Difficulties of Treating Complement-3-Mediated Glomerulopathy.

Background: C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare disease affecting the complement alternative pathway, categorized into dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis. Dense deposit disease predominantly affects younger individuals, while C3 glomerulonephritis tends to manifest in older populations. The diseases are characterized by dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway, leading to the deposition of complement components in the glomeruli and subsequent renal dysfunction.

SUrvey of renal Biopsy registry database and Anticancer dRUg therapy in Japan (SUBARU-J study).

Background: Kidney complications associated with anticancer drug therapy have greatly increased recently. We aimed to investigate the real-world clinical outcomes of anticancer drug therapy-associated renal complications in Japan using the national kidney biopsy database, Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR).

Methods: From 2018 to 2021, 449 cases from 49 facilities identified as 'drug-induced' histopathology in the J-RBR were screened, of which a total of 135 were confirmed as anticancer drug-related cases and included in the analysis.

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome characterized by a swift decline in kidney function, often over a few months, accompanied by features of nephritic syndrome. It can result in decreased urine output and commonly involves the presence of extensive crescents in kidney biopsies. RPGN is classified into 3 main types based on immune deposit distribution and visualization through immunofluorescence and electron microscopy: antiglomerular basement membrane disease, immune complex glomerulonephritis, and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced hyperphosphatemia: Lessons for the nephrologist.

Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor inhibitors (FGFRi) are novel cancer drugs that offer new hope for patients with advanced biliary tract cancers and metastatic urothelial tumors. Despite their effectiveness, they often cause hyperphosphatemia.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the incidence and characteristics of hyperphosphatemia in patients treated with FGFRi at Northwell Health, comparing findings with clinical trials and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.

Paraneoplastic Syndrome After Kidney Transplantation: Frequency, Risk Factors, Differences to Paraneoplastic Occurrence of Glomerulonephritis in the Native Kidney, and Implications on Long-Term Kidney Graft Function.

Posttransplant malignancies are an important complication of solid organ transplantation. Kidney transplant recipients are at particularly high risk of cancer development. The most relevant risk factors of carcinogenesis are the use of immunosuppressive agents and oncogenic viral infections.