Denosumab Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Suppressing SPP1 and Boosting Cytotoxic T Cells.

Denosumab, a RANK ligand inhibitor, is primarily used to prevent osteoclastogenesis in the treatment of conditions such as osteoporosis, bone metastasis, and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). RANK ligand also plays an important role in immunity by activating NF-κB and its target genes, including the osteopontin-coding gene SPP1 (also known as OPN), which is linked to CXCL9:SPP1 macrophage polarization and prognosis. In this study, we explored an additional role of denosumab in enhancing antitumor immunity in patients.

Current trends of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA): choosing between robotic-assisted and conventional surgeries and timing of procedures.

Background: With robotic advancements in UKA technology, we sought to explore if robotic-assisted UKA could translate to clinical benefits such as reduced hospital stays and lowered emergency readmissions. Also, current utilization trends of UKA and choice of procedure timing (unilateral [uUKA] vs. one-staged bilateral UKA [biUKA]) could be explored.

A single-cell atlas of conventional central chondrosarcoma reveals the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in malignant transformation.

The transformation of benign lesions to malignant tumours is a crucial aspect of understanding chondrosarcomas, which are malignant cartilage tumours that could develop from benign chondroid lesions. However, the process of malignant transformation for chondroid lesions remains poorly understood, and no reliable markers are available to aid clinical decision-making. To address this issue, we conducted a study analysing 11 primary cartilage tumours and controls using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Matrix metallopeptidase 9 targeted by hsa-miR-494 promotes silybin-inhibited osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant tumor that develops in bone. Its mortality is very high. Therefore, study of mechanisms of pathogenesis of the OS is urgently required.

MicroRNA-146a regulates human foetal femur derived skeletal stem cell differentiation by down-regulating SMAD2 and SMAD3.

MicroRNAs (miRs) play a pivotal role in a variety of biological processes including stem cell differentiation and function. Human foetal femur derived skeletal stem cells (SSCs) display enhanced proliferation and multipotential capacity indicating excellent potential as candidates for tissue engineering applications. This study has examined the expression and role of miRs in human foetal femur derived SSC differentiation along chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages.

Expression of ADAMTS-4 by chondrocytes in the surface zone of human osteoarthritic cartilage is regulated by epigenetic DNA de-methylation.

The two major aggrecanases involved in osteoarthritis (OA) are ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. Knock-out studies suggested that ADAMTS-5, but not ADAMTS-4, is the major aggrecanase in murine OA. However, studies of human articular cartilage suggest that ADAMTS-4 also contributes to aggrecan degradation in human OA.

Association between the abnormal expression of matrix-degrading enzymes by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and demethylation of specific CpG sites in the promoter regions.

Objective: To investigate whether the abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 3, 9, and 13 and ADAMTS-4 by human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes is associated with epigenetic "unsilencing."

Methods: Cartilage was obtained from the femoral heads of 16 patients with OA and 10 control patients with femoral neck fracture. Chondrocytes with abnormal enzyme expression were immunolocalized.