Code Status Discussions: A Standardized Patient Workshop for Senior Medical Students.

Introduction: Residents frequently conduct code status discussions (CSDs) with patients, but many report not receiving formal training in this skill. While institutions have attempted to address this, there remains a need for a curriculum that uses standardized patients (SPs), is generalizable to students interested in different medical specialties, and has been tested on a large sample of students.

Methods: We trained 192 fourth-year medical students across four different campuses in how to conduct CSDs during one 2-hour workshop as part of their Transition to Residency course in April 2024.

DCM-72 (dexterity, cutaneous, and muscle-72): A composite scoring system for objective assessment of upper limb dysfunction in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Background Context: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is characterized by spinal cord compression, which can present with limb weakness and numbness, loss of fine motor skills, gait disturbance, and bladder dysfunction. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) and Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility, and Prehension Version Myelopathy (GRASSP-M) scores evaluate distinct aspects to assess the severity of upper and lower extremity dysfunction. Our study aims to develop an integrative, multidimensional Dexterity, Cutaneous, and Muscle (DCM-72) scoring system to provide a more comprehensive and objective evaluation of upper extremity functional impairment.

Fournier gangrene is associated with increased length of stay and higher healthcare costs compared to non-perineal necrotizing soft tissue infections: a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2020).

Background: Fournier gangrene (FG) is a necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) of the perineum. Recent retrospective studies from quaternary centers suggest improved outcomes and a potentially less aggressive clinical course for FG than non-perineal NSTIs. However, comprehensive nationwide data remain limited.

Spinal cord swelling and intradural compression predict neurological recovery after acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury.

Intradural spinal cord compression impairs perfusion pressure and is putatively rate-limiting for recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). After cervical tSCI, even minimally improved tissue preservation may help promote neurological recovery. To assess the nature and extent of spinal cord swelling and compression post-acute cervical tSCI, we evaluated several baseline MRI parameters including BASIC score, intramedullary lesion (IML) length, maximal canal compromise (MCC), maximal spinal cord compression (MSCC), extent of cord compression (ECC), maximal swollen anteroposterior diameter adjacent to injury site (Dmax), and maximal cord swelling (MCS) in 169 consecutive patients across 2 centers.

Predictors and outcome metrics of futile recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that successful reperfusion does not always correlate with long-term functional benefit in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated via endovascular therapy (EVT). We evaluated patient characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with AIS who underwent EVT with successful reperfusion resulting in either beneficial recanalization (BR) or futile recanalization (FR).

Methods: The authors conducted a single-institution retrospective, observational study of patients with AIS who underwent EVT between January 2019 and January 2024.

Health Care for People Who Are Incarcerated: Teaching Third-Year Medical Students About Rights, Challenges, and Avenues of Advocacy.

Introduction: Incarcerated patients are a vulnerable patient population with unique barriers to health care that physicians in every specialty encounter. Current medical school curricula lack universal education on health care for incarcerated people.

Methods: We developed an interactive workshop to provide third-year medical students at the University of Kentucky with information about delivering care outside of dedicated carceral settings to individuals who are incarcerated.

Do acting interns need residents? A comparison of acting intern experience on hospital medicine resident versus nonresident teams.

Background: The clinical demands for hospitalist groups have grown at academic medical centers, without similar growth of teaching opportunities for faculty. Traditional resident teaching teams are often crowded with learners which can limit acting intern (or subintern) patient encounters. Medical students are often placed on nonresident teaching teams, although there are few studies on learner experience on a nonresident teaching team model.

Movement of (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae on Transgenic and Non- Maize.

Exposure of lepidopteran pests to () proteins has been shown to affect the behavior of larvae, including increased movement and avoidance of -expressing plants or diet. Therefore, we hypothesized that the behavior of western bean cutworm, (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important pest of maize, could be affected when exposed to plants. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of artificial arena and on-plant experiments to determine neonate behavior when exposed to and non- plant tissue.