Perceived Barriers to Medication Adherence in Adolescents and Young Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Adapting the Customized Adherence Enhancement Intervention.

Objective: Although the recommended first-line treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is medication, poor adherence is still common, particularly in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This study aimed to adapt Customized Adherence Enhancement (CAE), a psychosocial intervention developed to improve medication adherence in bipolar disorder, to target AYAs with ADHD.

Methods: Phase 1 included focus groups with AYAs, caregivers, and health care providers who treat AYAs with ADHD (N = 19).

Understanding Barriers and Facilitators of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Initiation and Adherence in Black and Latinx Children.

Objective: Despite evidence that consistent treatment is important for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) management, ADHD treatment initiation and adherence remains suboptimal in minoritized children. The goal of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators to ADHD treatment initiation/adherence for minoritized children to further inform development of our family navigation intervention.

Methods: Using a virtual platform, we completed 7 focus group sessions (total n.

A systematic review examining caregivers' of color experiences with the diagnostic process of autism spectrum disorder.

Children of color are diagnosed with autism later than White children. Caregivers of color are also more likely than White caregivers to report that their child's healthcare providers do not treat them as a partner, spend enough time with them, or respect their culture and values. We wanted to better understand the experiences of caregivers of color with the diagnostic process of autism spectrum disorder, from the time they discuss developmental concerns with their child's primary care provider to when the diagnosis is shared with them.

Predictors of Stimulant Medication Continuity in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the simultaneous impact of patient-related and parent-related factors, medication-related factors, and health care system-related factors on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication continuity.

Method: Stimulant-naïve children (N = 144, M age = 8 yrs, 71% male) with ADHD completed a methylphenidate (MPH) trial and were followed for 1 year after trial completion and return to community care. Multivariable analysis investigated predictors of (1) having at least 1 filled ADHD prescription after return to community care versus none and (2) having more days covered with medicine after return to community care.

Latino-to-Latino: Promotores' Beliefs on Engaging Latino Participants in Autism Research.

Background: In Latino(a) communities, promotores de salud (i.e., community health workers; promotores) are becoming critical participants in prevention, health promotion, and the delivery of health care.

Comparison of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Typically Developing Children and Children with Down Syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom patterns among children with Down syndrome (DS) with or without ADHD and typically developing (TD) children with ADHD.

Methods: Parents and teachers rated symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and general behavioral concerns for 22 children with DS and comorbid diagnoses of ADHD (DS + ADHD), 66 gender-matched and age-matched children with DS with no diagnosis of ADHD (DS - ADHD), and 66 gender-matched and age-matched TD children with ADHD (TD + ADHD). Children with DS were recruited from the community.

Strategies for improving ADHD medication adherence.

To maximize outcomes, understand and address the factors that affect adherence.

Factors Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Use in Community Care Settings.

Objectives: To examine patient- and provider-level factors associated with receiving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication treatment in a community care setting. We hypothesized that the likelihood of ADHD medication receipt would be lower in groups with specific patient sociodemographic (eg, female sex, race other than white) and clinical (eg, comorbid conditions) characteristics as well as physician characteristics (eg, older age, more years since completing training).

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 577 children (mean age, 7.

Autism spectrum disorders and their treatment with psychotropic medications in a nationally representative outpatient sample: 1994-2009.

Purpose: No prior studies have assessed change in health care provider-coded rates of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses over time, and few have investigated sociodemographic factors associated with having an ASD diagnosis, having behavioral conditions comorbid with ASD, or using psychotropic medications for this group.

Methods: We used data from the 1994-2009 National (Hospital) Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys for children aged 2-18 years (n = 158,488).

Results: Rates of visits with coded-ASD per 100 outpatient medical visits increased from 0.

Does Nursery-Based Intensified Anticipatory Guidance Reduce Emergency Department Use for Nonurgent Conditions in the First Month of Life? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an intensified anticipatory guidance program in the nursery on Emergency Department (ED) use for nonurgent conditions (NUCs) in the neonatal period. Methods.

Dermatological conditions in international pediatric travelers: epidemiology, prevention and management.

With an increasing number of children traveling internationally, there has been growing interest in studying the burden of travel-associated illnesses in children. We reviewed recently published (2007-2012) studies on travel-associated illness in children, and extracted the reported spectrum of dermatological conditions in children. Dermatologic problems are among the leading health concerns affecting children during and after return from international travel.

Validation of a susceptibility, benefits, and barrier scale for mammography screening among Peruvian women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Perceived beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening are important predictors for mammography utilization. This study adapted and validated the Champion's scale in Peru. This scale measures perceived susceptibility for breast cancer and perceived benefits and barriers for mammography.