A Case of Urothelial Carcinoma With Squamous Differentiation of the Bladder, Infiltrating the Small Intestine and Rectus Abdominis, Treated With the Use of a Short Gracilis Myocutaneous Flap.

Introduction: Squamous differentiation (SD) occurs in up to 20% of muscle invasive bladder cancers.

Case Presentation: An 85-year-old man with an intrapelvic mass invading the bladder, small intestine, and rectus abdominis presented to our department. Cystoscopy showed a necrotic mass at the dome of the bladder.

[A Case of Ureteral Sciatic Hernia Treated by Laparoscopic Vesicoureterl Neoanastomosis].

Pelvic herniation of the ureter through anatomical musculoskeletal foramina stands out as one of the rarest causes of ureteric obstruction. The herniation of the ureter through the sciatic foramen presents as a particularly uncommon variant of this condition. A 62-year-old woman was referred to our hospital from a family practioner with symptoms of fever and septic shock.

[Conservative Treatment of Renal Trauma with Arterial Laceration : A Successful Case Report].

An octogenarian male presented to the emergency department following a fall. On admission, his systolic blood pressure was in the 70s mmHg range, and his pulse was around 60 bpm. Initial resuscitation efforts included fluid administration with normal saline and vasopressor support with noradrenaline.

A Case of Penile Cavernosal Abscess Associated With Sigmoid Colovesical Fistula.

Introduction: A penile cavernosal abscess is rare and typically attributable to sepsis, trauma, or intracavernosal injections.

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old man with suspicion of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer underwent transurethral resection. Edematous and erythematous mucosa was noted on the posterior wall.

[Repair of Vaginal Cuff Dehiscence after Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Gracilis Myocutaneous Flap].

Vaginal cuff dehiscence after total hysterectomy or total cystectomy had been increasing since laparoscopic or robotic surgery became a common surgery among gynecologists and urologists. A 52-yearold woman underwent laparoscopic radical total cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder carcinoma at Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital. She was emergently admitted with a fist-sized lump protruding from her vagina four months after surgery.

[A Case of Malacoplakia of the Prostate which was Difficult to Distinguish from Prostate Cancer].

A 70-year-old-man was referred with urination pain and pyuria. Prostate specific antigen was 10.6 ng/ml, and urine culture was Escherichia coli.

Discontinuation of pembrolizumab for advanced urothelial carcinoma without disease progression: Nationwide cohort study.

Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed death 1 monoclonal antibody, has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. However, the optimal treatment duration for treatment responders has not been established. To address this, we retrospectively assess the treatment outcomes and duration of pembrolizumab for patients whose best response was complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) in a Japanese nationwide cohort of platinum-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Squamous cell and urothelial carcinomas in an ileal neobladder.

Introduction: In cases of ileal neobladder following radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer, tumor development in the isolated gut segment is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of squamous cell and urothelial carcinomas in the ileal neobladder 23 years after radical cystectomy.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further examination of a solitary tumor in an ileal neobladder.

Pre-pembrolizumab neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts the efficacy of second-line pembrolizumab treatment in urothelial cancer regardless of the pre-chemo NLR.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was reported to be associated with prognosis of urothelial cancer (UC) patients receiving systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy. However, it has not been elucidated how preceding first-line chemotherapy affects NLR and subsequent second-line pembrolizumab treatment. This multicenter study analyzed 458 patients with metastatic UC who received first-line chemotherapy and second-line pembrolizumab with regard to pre-chemotherapy and pre-pembrolizumab NLR in association with the efficacy of chemotherapy and pembrolizumab treatment.

[A Case of Prostatic Cancer that Had Bilateral Ureteral Metastases at Initial Diagnosis].

Ureteral metastases from prostate cancer are uncommon. We report a case of prostate cancer with bilateral ureteral metastases. A 76-year-old man visited our hospital because of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of 40.

[Complete Transurethral Resection of Large Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Preoperatively Suspected to Be Muscle-Invasive Disease : A Case Report and Literature Review].

A 69-year-old man presented with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a large papillary tumor occupying the bladder. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large bladder tumor more than 8cm in maximum diameter,suspected to be muscle-invasive disease.

Spontaneous remission of rectal ulcer associated with SpaceOAR hydrogel insertion in radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Introduction: The SpaceOAR hydrogel system separates the prostate and rectum to reduce rectal irradiation during prostate radiotherapy. However, it could induce rectal toxicity.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old man with localized prostate cancer underwent external beam radiotherapy with the use of SpaceOAR System.

[A Case of Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Kidney Treated with Multidisciplinary Approach].

A woman in her 40s visited our hospital for further examination and treatment of a left renal tumor. Imaging studies showed that the patient had a large left renal tumor, 10.5 cm in diameter, which contained foci of necrosis.

[Post-Operative Urethral Stricture after Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate].

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a safe and effective surgical procedure for patients suffering from comparatively larger benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, the rate of postoperative urethral stricture (POUS) is relatively high, which can render further invasive intervention. Here we assessed the POUS rate, riskfactors and outcomes in 206 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent HoLEP at our hospital between January 2006 and December 2015.

[A Case of Metastatic Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Derived from the Right Ovary to the Ileal Ureter].

A 76-year-old woman presented with temporary right back pain and renal dysfunction. She had undergone ileal ureter interposition for right ureteral resection due to retroperitoneal liposarcoma about forty years ago. Abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan showed right hydronephrosis and a stenosis in the middle of the ileal ureter.

[A Case of Malignant Lymphoma with an Elevated Serum IgG4].

A man in his 60s was referred to our hospital for further examination of left hydronephrosis and renal dysfunction. An enhanced abdominal computed tomographic scan showed that the patient had chronic abdominal aortic dissection and a non-enhancing retroperitoneal soft tissue occupying the front of the abdominal aorta as well as the bilateral common iliac arteries. The left ureter was compressed by the soft tissue at the fourth lumbar level.

[Initial Clinical Experience of Nivolumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma].

Nivolumab was approved as a new agent for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Japan on September 2016. Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that activates the cytotoxic immune response and has exerted antitumor effects in a mechanism different from other available molecular targeted agents. Therefore, its response pattern, efficacy and adverse events are different from those of the molecular targeted agents for RCC.

Laparoscopic excision of an acquired ureteral diverticulum: A case report.

Ureteral diverticula, especially acquired diverticula, are rare. Surgery is indicated when a diverticulum is accompanied by complications such as stones, pyelonephritis, stenosis, and signs of malignancy. A 59-year-old woman visited our urology department with asymptomatic macrohematuria.

Case with bromine exposure leading to respiratory insufficiency.

A 21-year-old male had a chemical burn on the right forearm when he inadvertently spilled bromine during an experiment. Since he inhaled vaporized bromine and had dyspnea and pharyngalgia, he arrived at our hospital in an ambulance as an emergency patient. On arrival, he kept a clear consciousness with a pulse rate of 98, body temperature of 36.