Indications and limits of clear aligner therapy: an international modified Delphi consensus study.

Background: The aims of this study were to gather expert agreement about essential aspects of clear aligner therapy (CAT) and to determine what research areas need further investigation.

Materials And Methods: A steering committee performed literature selection and compiled a list of 25 statements. This study used a modified Delphi method involving a panel of 23 international orthodontic experts.

Large-Language Models in Orthodontics: Assessing Reliability and Validity of ChatGPT in Pretreatment Patient Education.

Background: Patients seeking orthodontic treatment may use large language models (LLMs) such as Chat-GPT for self-education, thereby impacting their decision-making process. This study assesses the reliability and validity of Chat-GPT prompts aimed at informing patients about orthodontic side effects and examines patients' perceptions of this information.

Materials And Methods: To assess reliability, n = 28 individuals were asked to generate information from GPT-3.

Quality assessment of online information on orthodontic Web sites in the United States.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the quality of online information on orthodontic treatment provided by orthodontic Web sites in the United States and investigate their claims.

Methods: Three hundred and one American orthodontic Web sites were identified after an advanced Google search. Data collection included: the location of the clinic, treatment options offered, quality-of-information assessment using the DISCERN tool, and finally, claims when promoting 1 treatment option against another, as well as the presence of information on relapse risk and retention needs.

Management of Orofacial Manifestations of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Interdisciplinary Consensus-Based Recommendations.

Involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is common in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). TMJ arthritis can lead to orofacial symptoms, orofacial dysfunction, and dentofacial deformity with negative impact on quality of life. Management involves interdisciplinary collaboration.

Cantilevers: Multi-Tool in Orthodontic Treatment.

This review aims to discuss and illustrate various uses of cantilevers to solve multiple clinical issues and prove their versatility. Cantilevers are commonly used in the segmented arch technique, and they can be designed to solve various clinical problems with highly predictable results. Its design and shape can modify the various combinations of vertical and horizontal forces.

Condylar changes in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption: retrospective 2-year follow-up CBCT-based case-control study.

Objectives: To compare condylar development and changes in condylar radiological appearance in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) to a healthy, age- and gender matched, control group.

Materials And Methods: This case-control study included 16 ICR patients [mean age: 15years, 9 months; standard deviation (SD): 4 years) and 16 controls (mean age: 16 years, 8 months; SD: 4 years, 7 months), with diagnostic (T0) and 2-year follow-up (T1) CBCT examinations. Condylar changes were evaluated through changes in condylar neck angle (CNA), and the transversal, vertical and anteroposterior displacement of five condylar points between T0 and T1.

Cumulative Incidence of Orofacial Manifestations in Early Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Regional, Three-Year Cohort Study.

Objective: To estimate the cumulative incidence of arthritis-induced orofacial symptoms, dysfunction, and dentofacial deformities in growing individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in a 36-month regional cohort study and to identify predictors for the development of arthritis-induced dentofacial deformities.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the Aarhus JIA temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cohort register, which contains standardized, longitudinal, observational data regarding orofacial conditions in patients with JIA (n = 1,040). This regional cohort represents the majority of all subjects with JIA from the western part of Denmark between 1990 and 2016, regardless of TMJ arthritis status.

Standardizing Terminology and Assessment for Orofacial Conditions in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: International, Multidisciplinary Consensus-based Recommendations.

Objective: To propose multidisciplinary, consensus-based, standardization of operational terminology and method of assessment for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: Using a sequential expert group-defined terminology and methods-of-assessment approach by (1) establishment of task force, (2) item generation, (3) working group consensus, (4) external expert content validity testing, and (5) multidisciplinary group of experts final Delphi survey consensus.

Results: Seven standardized operational terms were defined: and CONCLUSION: Definition of 7 operational standardized terms provides an optimal platform for communication across healthcare providers involved in JIA-TMJ arthritis management.

Evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Correlation between hard tissue and soft tissue landmarks.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the correlation between facial hard and soft tissue asymmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, to identify valid soft tissue points for clinical examination, and to assess the smallest clinically detectable level of dentofacial asymmetry.

Methods: Full-face cone-beam computed tomography scans and 3-dimensional photographs were used to assess facial hard and soft tissue asymmetry in 21 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A survey was conducted to assess how asymmetry is perceived observationally based on cone-beam computed tomography scans and 3-dimensional photographs.

The effect of biologic factors and adjunctive therapies on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Biologic factors and adjunctive therapies are known to affect the degree of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). However, a systematic overall assessment of their impact on OIIRR has not previously been reported. We, therefore, aimed to systematically assess effects on OIIRR of biologic factors and adjunctive therapies in human and animal subjects.

Assessment of dentofacial growth deviation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Reliability and validity of three-dimensional morphometric measures.

Introduction: Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) often experience abnormal facial growth. Three-dimensional (3D) assessment of dentofacial growth deviation has become more common with advancement and commercialization of imaging technologies. However, no standardized guidelines exist for interpretation of 3D imaging in patients with JIA.

No association between types of unilateral mandibular condylar abnormalities and facial asymmetry in orthopedic-treated patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Introduction: Dentofacial asymmetries are often observed in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvements. The aim of this split-face study was to associate types of radiologic TMJ abnormalities with the degree of dentofacial asymmetry in patients with unilateral TMJ involvements assessed with cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods: Forty-seven JIA patients and 19 nonarthritic control subjects were included in the study.

Idiopathic condylar resorptions: 3-dimensional condylar bony deformation, signs and symptoms.

Introduction: Our aim was to describe 3-dimensional condylar deformation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) in patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR).

Methods: We included 25 patients with ICR and 25 controls. We performed cone-beam computed tomographic scans and analyzed condylar width, length, and height as well as the condylar axial angle and the condylar neck angle.

Clinical Orofacial Examination in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: International Consensus-based Recommendations for Monitoring Patients in Clinical Practice and Research Studies.

Objective: To develop international consensus-based recommendations for the orofacial examination of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), for use in clinical practice and research.

Methods: Using a sequential phased approach, a multidisciplinary task force developed and evaluated a set of recommendations for the orofacial examination of patients with JIA. Phase 1: A Delphi survey was conducted among 40 expert physicians and dentists with the aim of identifying and ranking the importance of items for inclusion.

Clinical predictors of temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic literature review.

Aim: To assess the level of evidence for subjective and objective parameters in clinical orofacial examination and determine if predictors for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients exist in the current literature.

Method: A comprehensive systematic electronic search strategy was performed in all major medical databases in June 2015. Studies were selected independently by two reviewers in accordance with a prespecified protocol and a risk of bias assessment for all included studies.

Temporomandibular joint steroid injections in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an observational pilot study on the long-term effect on signs and symptoms.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can lead to orofacial pain and malfunction of the TMJ. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACI) have been suggested as a treatment modality against TMJ arthritis-related orofacial signs and symptoms. However, knowledge of the effect-durability of these injections remains unanswered.

Signs and symptoms after temporomandibular joint washing and cannula placement assessed by cone beam computerized tomography.

Objective: Analyses of temporomandibular joint synovial fluid using the hydroxocobalamin push-pull technique are increasingly used. However, objective complications and subjective experiences from this procedure have not been described. Firstly, this study aimed to describe discomfort and potential side-effects of this method with special emphasis on symptoms related to the arthrocentesis to be used for future patient information and Ethical Committee applications.

Intra-articular steroid injection for temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review on efficacy and safety.

Objective: To determine the current level of evidence for the use of intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACI) against temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with a particular focus on clinical and radiological improvements and safety profile.

Methods: A comprehensive electronic search strategy was performed in all major medical databases in February 2012. Studies were selected independently by two reviewers in accordance with a pre-specified protocol and a risk of bias assessment for all included studies.

Orofacial symptoms related to temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: smallest detectable difference in self-reported pain intensity.

Objective: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may lead to mandibular growth disturbances and interfere with optimal joint and muscle function. Orofacial symptoms are common clinical findings in relation to TMJ arthritis in adolescence. Knowledge about their clinical manifestation is important for TMJ arthritis diagnosis, treatment choice, and outcome evaluation.

Orthopaedic splint treatment can reduce mandibular asymmetry caused by unilateral temporomandibular involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients often induces asymmetric dentofacial growth. This study evaluates the effects of an orthopaedic functional appliance worn full time to reduce asymmetric mandibular growth in JIA patients. Twenty-two JIA patients with unilateral TMJ involvement were included in the study (mean age 7.

Association between condylar morphology and changes in bony microstructure and sub-synovial inflammation in experimental temporomandibular joint arthritis.

Background: In juvenile idiopathic arthritis involvement of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) is often associated with mandibular growth deviations. The relation between the growth deviations and severity of the inflammation, condylar shape, the micro-architecture, and the quality of the bone has not previously been investigated. This paper studies the effect on the bony structures in mandibular condylar development in rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis.

Intra-articular vs. systemic administration of etanercept in antigen-induced arthritis in the temporomandibular joint. Part II: mandibular growth.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in children causes alterations in the craniomandibular growth. Resultant abnormalities include; condylar erosions, a posterior mandibular rotation pattern, micrognathia, malocclusion with an anterior open bite, altered joint and muscular function occasionally associated with pain. These alterations may be prevented by early aggressive anti-inflammatory intervention.

Intra-articular vs. systemic administration of etanercept in antigen-induced arthritis in the temporomandibular point. Part I: histological effects.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in children causes alterations in craniomandibular growth. This abnormal growth may be prevented by an early anti-inflammatory intervention. We have previously shown that intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid reduces TMJ inflammation, but causes concurrent mandibular growth inhibition in young rabbits.

Quantitative histological changes of repeated antigen-induced arthritis in the temporomandibular joints of rabbits treated with intra-articular corticosteroid.

Background: To compare the inflammatory changes of antigen-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in rabbits by different histological methods and to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of intra-articular corticosteroid injections histologically.

Methods: 35 rabbits (10 weeks old) pre-sensibilized with ovalbumin were divided into three groups: a placebo group of five (saline), an arthritis group of 15 (ovalbumin) and a steroid-treated group of 15 (ovalbumin + corticosteroid). Additionally, a group of seven rabbits receiving no sensibilization with ovalbumin and no intra-articular injections served as controls.