Beyond the known: Unraveling the existence of novel Trichinella genotypes (T14 and T15) in India and expanding the species complex.

The Trichinella species complex includes 10 recognized species and three genotypes with global distribution, impacting significant health and economic burdens on livestock, wildlife, and humans. In India, trichinellosis is an under recognized zoonotic disease. Investigating the taxonomic status, genetic diversity and phylogeography of Indian Trichinella isolates is crucial for understanding the disease's regional dynamics.

Targeted enrichment of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus for complete genome sequencing in elephants.

Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) poses a critical threat to young Asian (Elephas maximus) and African elephants (Loxodonta africana), with high mortality rates due to acute haemorrhagic symptoms from vascular endothelial damage. EEHV remains dormant in adult elephants, reactivating under stress or immune suppression. There are multiple genotypes of EEHV have been reported based on genetic heterogeneity.

Immuno-pathological and Molecular Screening of Rabies Virus in Indian Wild Felids: Unravelling Sylvatic to Urban Spillover.

Rabies poses a fatal threat to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, with its transmission often exhibiting a wave-like pattern influenced by host population density. Understanding the dynamics of reservoir hosts is critical to elucidating the spatial distribution and transmission pathways of the virus. Between 2014 and 2017, brain specimens from various wild felids in India - including tigers, lions, leopards, and other species-were screened for rabies.

An outbreak of Fusobacterium necrophorum associated foot rot in a herd of four-horned antelope () in India.

An outbreak of contagious foot rot due to infection was reported in a herd of four-horned antelopes () in a wildlife sanctuary at Goa, India. The infected animals showed signs of anorexia, limping and foot lesions, like erosions and sloughing of hooves. Mortality was recorded in two antelopes in which gross lesions, like generalized congestion of skeletal muscles and internal organs, and multi-focal to coalescing abscesses in lung, pleura, and diaphragm were observed.

Coxiellosis in Dogs-A Hitherto Masked Zoonosis in India: An Insight From Seromolecular Investigation and Risk Factor Analysis.

is an airborne bacterial zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever/coxiellosis in humans and animals. Although dogs are suspected of transmitting Q fever to humans in past outbreaks, the prevalence of in the Indian dog population and risk factors for infection remain unknown. In this study, 452 dogs from pet clinics in three Indian states were screened for coxiellosis using molecular (Trans-PCR, Com 1-PCR) and serological (IFAT) tests.

Weekly administration of betulinic acid prevents development of chronic renal failure from acute renal failure in folic acid-induced mouse model of kidney injury.

Betulinic acid (BA) has been shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities and it has shown the protective effect on acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF); however, no reports are available on its effect on ARF-CRF transition. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of BA on ARF-CRF transition. A single dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) intraperitoneal injection of folic acid was given in mice for inducing ARF-CRF transition (injury group; I) on day 1.

Development and characterization of contraction-suppressed full-thickness skin wound model in rabbits.

The wound healing process in rodents (rats and mice) and lagomorphs (rabbits) predominantly relies on wound contraction rather than re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. As a result, existing laboratory animal models for wound healing often fail to mimic human wound healing mechanisms accurately. This study introduces a standardized rabbit model with superior translational potential for skin wound healing research.

Pluronic F127 composite hydrogel for the repair of contraction suppressed full-thickness skin wounds in a rabbit model.

Hydrogels are commonly used as carriers for cell delivery due to their similarities to the extracellular matrix. A contraction-suppressed full-thickness wound model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and conditioned media (AdMSC-CM) for the repair of wounds in a rabbit model. The experimental study was conducted on forty-eight healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits randomly divided into eight groups with six animals each and treated with AdSVF, AdMSC, and AdMSC-CM as an injectable or topical preparation.

Production and characterization of biologicals for disease diagnosis and pathological evaluation of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV).

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) belong to the family Herpesviridae and cause a highly fatal hemorrhagic infection in elephants. EEHV poses a global threat to the already endangered elephant population. Since EEHV is a non-cultivable virus, there is a scarcity of specific diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

Kisspeptin stimulates oestradiol biosynthesis by upregulating steroidogenic transcripts and proliferation markers in the bubaline granulosa cells in vitro.

Kisspeptin (Kp), an upstream regulator of GnRH release, is essential for the development and function of reproductive axis. Previously, we demonstrated the localization of Kp and its receptor (Kiss1r) in the active follicle in the bubaline ovary. Present study aimed to determine the effect of Kp on granulosa cell (GCs) functions, especially oestradiol (E ) and progesterone (P ) production, and differential expression of genes regulating the proliferation, apoptosis and steroidogenesis in the buffalo.

Experimental safety testing confirms that the NSAID nimesulide is toxic to Gyps vultures in India.

Population declines of Gyps vultures throughout South Asia were caused by unintentional poisoning by the NSAID diclofenac, which was subsequently banned. However, other vulture-toxic NSAIDs are available, including nimesulide, which, in experiments carried out in South Africa, was shown to be toxic to Gyps vultures. We report on safety-testing of nimesulide carried out on Himalayan Griffons G.

Morphological, molecular, and pathological studies on in Indian peacocks ().

This report provides the first record of infection in Indian peafowl. Chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and other pet birds are recognized as direct hosts of species; however, has not been reported to infect peafowl globally. Here, we identify the trematode present in the bursa of the peafowl by both morphological and molecular methods, in addition to the changes in the bursal tissue induced by the parasite, using histopathology.

Evaluation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with eggshell membrane for full-thickness wound healing in a rabbit model.

Biomaterials capable of managing wounds should have essential features like providing a natural microenvironment for wound healing and as support material for stimulating tissue growth. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a highly produced global waste due to increased egg consumption. The unique and fascinating properties of ESM allow their potential application in tissue regeneration.

Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus C from Rescued Sloth Bears, India: Evidence of Zooanthroponotic Transmission.

The present study reports the detection and molecular characterisation of rotavirus C (RVC) in sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) rescued from urban areas in India. Based on an RVC VP6 gene-targeted diagnostic RT-PCR assay, 48.3% (42/87) of sloth bears tested positive for RVC infection.

Pathological and molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium infection in a loft of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) from India.

Mycobacterium avium is a zoonotic pathogen associated with a wide range of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations in a range of host species like humans, animals, and birds. The disease is more common in the avian population, and opportunistic infections have been reported in immune-compromised or debilitated animals and humans. This study reports the pathological and molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium causing avian mycobacteriosis in a loft of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var.

Serum concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and IL6 can predict the onset of sepsis in pyometra bitches.

As onset of sepsis adversely affects the prognosis of canine pyometra, finding biomarkers that would distinguish sepsis status would be useful in the clinical management. Accordingly, we hypothesized that differential expression of endometrial transcripts and circulating concentration of certain inflammatory mediators would discriminate pyometra-led sepsis (P-sepsis+) from those of pyometra without sepsis (P-sepsis-). Bitches with pyometra (n = 52) were classified into P-sepsis+ (n = 28) and P-sepsis- (n = 24) based on vital clinical score and total leukocyte count.

A study on the occurrence of Burkholderia cepacia complex in ultrasound gels used in different veterinary clinical settings in India.

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) organisms are emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens. They are opportunistic and cause severe diseases in humans that may result in fatal outcomes. They are mainly reported as nosocomial pathogens, and transmission often occurs through contaminated pharmaceutical products.

PRE-084 ameliorated kidney injury by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease.

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sigma-1 receptors (σ1Rs) are novel chaperone proteins that regulate ER stress. However, effect of σ1R activation on renal ER stress is yet unexplored.

Emergence of Mycobacterium orygis-Associated Tuberculosis in Wild Ruminants, India.

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium orygis was detected in 2 spotted deer from a wildlife sanctuary in western India and an Indian bison from a national park in central India. Nationwide surveillance is urgently required to clarify the epidemiology of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex at the human-livestock-wildlife interface.

Metabolism of aceclofenac to diclofenac in the domestic water buffalo Bubalus bubalis confirms it as a threat to Critically Endangered Gyps vultures in South Asia.

Vulture declines in South Asia were caused by accidental poisoning by the veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Although veterinary use of diclofenac has been banned, other vulture-toxic NSAIDs are legally available, including aceclofenac, which has been shown to metabolise into diclofenac in domestic cattle. We gave nine domestic water buffalo the recommended dose of aceclofenac (2 mg kg body weight), collected blood at intervals up to 48 h, and carried out a pharmacokinetic analysis of aceclofenac and its metabolite diclofenac in plasma.

PRE-084 ameliorates adenine-induced renal fibrosis in rats.

2-(4-morpholinoethyl)- 1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate hydrochloride (PRE-084) is a selective sigma 1 receptor agonist. It has been shown that PRE-084 protected various tissues from experimental injury. However, no reports are available on its effect on renal fibrosis.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a free ranging leopard () in India.

Unlabelled: We report an incidence of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging Indian leopard (). The case was detected during routine screening. Post-mortem and laboratory examination suggested virus-induced interstitial pneumonia.

Comparative evaluation of fracture healing potential of differentiated and undifferentiated guinea pig and canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a guinea pig model.

Background And Aim: This work was conducted to compare the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated and osteogenic differentiated canine (xenogeneic) and guinea pig (allogeneic) BMSCs in fracture healing using guinea pig as a model.

Materials And Methods: A well-characterized homogenous population of third passage mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin was used in all the experiments. MSCs from both the species, i.

Experimental safety testing shows that the NSAID tolfenamic acid is not toxic to Gyps vultures in India at concentrations likely to be encountered in cattle carcasses.

Population declines of Gyps vultures across the Indian subcontinent were caused by unintentional poisoning by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Subsequently, a number of other NSAIDs have been identified as toxic to vultures, while one, meloxicam, is safe at concentrations likely to be encountered by vultures in the wild. Other vulture-safe drugs need to be identified to reduce the use of those toxic to vultures.