Publications by authors named "Kaori Nakayama-Hosoya"
Article Synopsis
- A study explored the effectiveness of the oral human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine IGMKK16E7 in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, showing promising results where some patients experienced a complete histological response.
- Researchers analyzed cervix-exfoliated cell samples from 42 patients to identify biomarkers that could predict the success of the vaccine, focusing on various gene expressions related to immune response.
- The key finding was that lower levels of the biomarker CD86 correlated with a higher likelihood of achieving a complete response to the vaccine, with CD86-low patients demonstrating a significantly increased response rate compared to those with higher CD86 levels.
Article Synopsis
- Persistent inflammation in people living with HIV (PWH) may influence their immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection differently than in HIV-uninfected individuals.
- During a study, proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured in PWH, revealing no significant differences in cytokine levels across various COVID-19 severity levels, unlike in HIV-uninfected individuals where higher levels correlated with severe cases.
- The findings indicate that PWH are in a heightened inflammatory state but exhibit distinct inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population, possibly due to impairments in their immune cells and existing inflammation.
Article Synopsis
- A clinical trial tested an oral vaccine, IGMKK16E7, derived from lacticaseibacillus to treat patients with HPV-16-positive cervical lesions, aiming to promote local immune responses as opposed to systemic ones.
- Results showed that among high-dose recipients, 31.7% experienced complete regression of lesions compared to only 12.5% in the placebo group, indicating potential effectiveness of the vaccine.
- The study found no significant difference in adverse effects between high-dose and placebo groups, suggesting that IGMKK16E7 is safe while leading to promising immune responses against HPV-16.
T cell immunity is crucial for long-term immunological memory, but the profile of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific memory T cells in individuals who recovered from COVID-19 (COVID-19-convalescent individuals) is not sufficiently assessed. In this study, the breadth and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were determined in COVID-19-convalescent individuals in Japan. Memory T cells against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in all convalescent individuals, and those with more severe disease exhibited a broader T cell response relative to cases with mild symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 show distinct clinical symptoms. Although many studies have reported various causes for the diversity of symptoms, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune responses are different between individuals and personal health histories and unique environmental conditions should collectively determine the present state of immune cells. However, the molecular systems underlying such heterogeneity remain elusive. Here, we conducted a systematic time-lapse single-cell analysis, using 171 single-cell libraries and 30 mass cytometry datasets intensively for seven healthy individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersistence of HIV latently infected cells is a barrier to HIV cure. The "kick and kill" strategy for a cure includes clearance of the viral reservoir by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, exhaustion and senescence of T cells accelerates during HIV infection, and does not fully recover, despite complete viral suppression under antiretroviral therapy.
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- Increased numbers of NK cells in TKI-treated chronic myeloid leukemia patients may lead to better prognoses, indicating their potential role in suppressing the disease.
- This study examines how variations in KIR3DL1 receptor alleles influence NK cell activity against CML cells and their response to the TKI dasatinib.
- Findings suggest that tailoring treatment strategies based on KIR3DL1 allotypes could enhance NK cell-based immunity against CML, especially with dasatinib's ability to activate these immune cells.
Article Synopsis
- Analysis of HLA-A, -C, -B, and -DRB1 genotypes in 178 Japanese COVID-19 patients found a significant link between the HLA-DRB1*09:01 allele and higher risk of severe illness.
- The study reported an odds ratio of 3.62, showing that this specific allele increases susceptibility to severe COVID-19 even more than common preexisting conditions like hypertension and diabetes.
- These findings suggest that genetic factors, specifically HLA alleles, may play a crucial role in determining the severity of COVID-19 in individuals.
The molecular mechanisms for IL2 gene-specific dysregulation during chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are unknown. Here, we investigated the role of DNA methylation in suppressing interleukin 2 (IL-2) expression in memory CD4(+) T cells during chronic HIV-1 infection. We observed that CpG sites in the IL2 promoter of CD4(+) T cells were fully methylated in naive CD4(+) T cells and significantly demethylated in the memory populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdoptive immunotherapy with functional T cells is potentially an effective therapeutic strategy for combating many types of cancer and viral infection. However, exhaustion of antigen-specific T cells represents a major challenge to this type of approach. In an effort to overcome this problem, we reprogrammed clonally expanded antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells from an HIV-1-infected patient to pluripotency.
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