Seasonal variation in wing morphometry of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in Thailand: Climatic effects on phenotypic traits.

The stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is a globally significant mechanical vector of medical and veterinary importance. Understanding morphological variation offers insight into environmental influences on development, dispersal, and population structure in insects such as the stable fly. This study aimed to investigate how seasonal and climatic variations affect wing size and shape in S.