The Relationship Between Medial Meniscal Extrusion and Outcome Measures for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Medial meniscal extrusion (MME) has been associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is no standardized method to measure MME.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between MME and outcome measures related to knee OA and discuss different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods of measuring MME.

Seven tesla knee MRI T2*-mapping detects intrasubstance meniscus degeneration in patients with posterior root tears.

Background: Medial meniscus root tears often lead to knee osteoarthritis. The extent of meniscal tissue changes beyond the localized root tear is unknown.

Purpose: To evaluate if 7 Tesla 3D T2*-mapping can detect intrasubstance meniscal degeneration in patients with arthroscopically verified medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs), and assess if tissue changes extend beyond the immediate site of the posterior root tear detected on surface examination by arthroscopy.

Changes in tissue sodium concentration and sodium relaxation times during the maturation of human knee cartilage: Ex vivo Na MRI study at 10.5 T.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of skeletal maturation on sodium ( Na) MRI relaxation parameters and the accuracy of tissue sodium concentration (TSC) quantification in human knee cartilage.

Methods: Twelve pediatric knee specimens were imaged with whole-body 10.5 T MRI using a density-adapted 3D radial projection sequence to evaluate Na parameters: B , T , biexponential , and TSC.

Deep Learning Diagnosis and Classification of Rotator Cuff Tears on Shoulder MRI.

Background: Detection of rotator cuff tears, a common cause of shoulder disability, can be time-consuming and subject to reader variability. Deep learning (DL) has the potential to increase radiologist accuracy and consistency.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a prototype DL model for detection and classification of rotator cuff tears on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging into no tear, partial-thickness tear, or full-thickness tear.

Evaluation of lesion and overlying articular cartilage in patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee using quantitative diffusion MRI.

Current clinical MRI of patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is limited by the low reproducibility of lesion instability evaluation and inability to predict which lesions will heal after nonoperative treatment and which will later require surgery. The aim of this study is to verify the ability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to detect differences in lesion microstructure between different JOCD stages, treatment groups, and healthy, unaffected contralateral knees. Pediatric patients with JOCD received quantitative diffusion MRI between January 2016 and September 2020 in this prospective research study.

Naturally occurring osteochondrosis latens lesions identified by quantitative and morphological 10.5 T MRI in pigs.

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is a pediatric orthopedic disorder that involves the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex and underlying bone. Clinical disease is often characterized by the presence of radiographically apparent osteochondral flaps and fragments. The existence of early JOCD lesions (osteochondrosis latens [OCL] and osteochondrosis manifesta [OCM]) that precede the development of osteochondral flaps and fragments is also well recognized.

Longitudinal 3T MRI T * mapping of Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions differentiates operative from non-operative patients-Pilot study.

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is an orthopedic joint disorder of children and adolescents that can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Thirteen patients (mean age: 12.3 years, 4 females), 15 JOCD-affected and five contralateral healthy knees, that had a baseline and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mean interval of 8.

Descriptive Epidemiology From the Research in Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee (ROCK) Prospective Cohort.

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) occurs most commonly in the knees of young individuals. This condition is known to cause pain and discomfort in the knee and can lead to disability and early knee osteoarthritis. The cause is not well understood, and treatment plans are not well delineated.

Compositional evaluation of lesion and parent bone in patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee using T * mapping.

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions contain cartilaginous, fibrous and osseous tissues which are difficult to distinguish with clinical, morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative T * mapping has earlier been used to evaluate microstructure and composition of all aforementioned tissues as well as bone mineral density. However, the ability of T * mapping to detect changes in tissue composition between different JOCD lesion regions, different disease stages, and between stable and unstable lesions has not been demonstrated.

Trochlear Development in Children From 1 Month to 10 Years of Age: A Descriptive Study Utilizing Analysis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: Understanding the morphology of cartilage/bony maturation in preadolescents may help explain adult trochlear variation.

Purpose: To study trochlear morphology during maturation in children and infants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Osteochondritis Dissecans: Current Understanding of Epidemiology, Etiology, Management, and Outcomes.

➤: Osteochondritis dissecans occurs most frequently in the active pediatric and young adult populations, commonly affecting the knee, elbow, or ankle, and may lead to premature osteoarthritis.

➤: While generally considered an idiopathic phenomenon, various etiopathogenetic theories are being investigated, including local ischemia, aberrant endochondral ossification of the secondary subarticular physis, repetitive microtrauma, and genetic predisposition.

➤: Diagnosis is based on the history, physical examination, radiography, and advanced imaging, with elbow ultrasonography and novel magnetic resonance imaging protocols potentially enabling early detection and in-depth staging.

T1ρ and T2 mapping detect acute ischemic injury in a piglet model of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

This study investigated the sensitivity of T1ρ and T2 relaxation time mapping to detect acute ischemic injury to the secondary ossification center (SOC) and epiphyseal cartilage of the femoral head in a piglet model of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Six piglets underwent surgery to induce global right femoral head ischemia and were euthanized 48 h later. Fresh operated and contralateral-control femoral heads were imaged ex vivo with T1, T2, and T1ρ mapping using a 9.

Lymphadenopathy in COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients: Diagnostic Dilemma in Oncologic Patients.

Five cases of axillary lymphadenopathy are presented, which occurred after COVID-19 vaccination and mimicked metastasis in a vulnerable oncologic patient group. Initial radiologic diagnosis raised concerns for metastasis. However, further investigation revealed that patients received COVID-19 vaccinations in the ipsilateral arm prior to imaging.

Progress in Imaging the Human Torso at the Ultrahigh Fields of 7 and 10.5 T.

Especially after the launch of 7 T, the ultrahigh magnetic field (UHF) imaging community achieved critically important strides in our understanding of the physics of radiofrequency interactions in the human body, which in turn has led to solutions for the challenges posed by such UHFs. As a result, the originally obtained poor image quality has progressed to the high-quality and high-resolution images obtained at 7 T and now at 10.5 T in the human torso.

Using a simplified version of a common surgical grading scale for acetabular labral tears improves the utility of preoperative hip MRI for femoroacetabular impingement.

Objective: To evaluate whether a commonly used surgical grading scale, when applied to acetabular labral findings on MRI, could improve preoperative planning and counseling for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 76 clinical MRIs performed on patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Three musculoskeletal radiologists and one musculoskeletal fellow reviewed each scan in a blinded fashion, classifying the acetabular labrum from 12:00 to 4:00 using the Beck scale, a common surgical grading scale.

Three-Dimensional Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Epiphyseal Cartilage Vascularity Using Vessel Image Features: New Insights into Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans.

Unlabelled: We introduce a quantitative measure of epiphyseal cartilage vascularity and examine vessel networks during human skeletal maturation. Understanding early morphological changes in the distal femoral condyle is expected to provide information on the pathogenesis of developmental diseases such as juvenile osteochondritis dissecans.

Methods: Twenty-two cadaveric knees from donors ranging from 1 month to 10 years of age were included in the study.

Identification of Areas of Epiphyseal Cartilage Necrosis at Predilection Sites of Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans in Pediatric Cadavers.

Background: The pathogenesis of human juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) remains poorly understood, with multiple factors implicated, including ischemia, repetitive trauma, and genetic predisposition. Similarities in the predilection site and the diagnostic and clinical features of JOCD to the well-characterized veterinary counterpart, osteochondrosis dissecans, suggest that, similar to the animal disease, the pathogenesis JOCD may also be initiated in the first few years of life, when disruption of blood supply to the epiphyseal growth cartilage leads to failure of endochondral ossification. To gather data in support of the hypothesis that JOCD and osteochondrosis dissecans have a shared pathogenesis, biopsy specimens obtained from predilection sites of JOCD in juvenile human cadavers were histologically examined to determine whether they contained lesions similar to those found in animals diagnosed with subclinical osteochondrosis dissecans.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping detects neovascularization of the epiphyseal cartilage after ischemic injury in a piglet model of legg-calvé-perthes disease.

Background: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a childhood hip disorder thought to be caused by disruption of blood supply to the developing femoral head. There is potential for imaging to help assess revascularization of the femoral head.

Purpose: To investigate whether quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can detect neovascularization in the epiphyseal cartilage following ischemic injury to the developing femoral head.

Quantitative MRI Helps to Detect Hip Ischemia: Preclinical Model of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease.

Purpose To determine whether quantitative MRI relaxation time mapping techniques can help to detect ischemic injury to the developing femoral head. Materials and Methods For this prospective animal study conducted from November 2015 to February 2018, 10 male 6-week-old piglets underwent an operation to induce complete right femoral head ischemia. Animals were humanely killed at 48 hours (n = 2) or 4 weeks (n = 8) after the operation, and the operated and contralateral-control femoral heads were harvested and frozen.

MRI and Arthroscopy Correlation in the Patellofemoral Joint.

The patellofemoral joint is an articulation between the patella and the femoral trochlea, which serves to increase the lever arm of the extensor mechanism. The stability of the patella within the trochlear groove is supported statically by the bony confines of the groove itself, as well as the medial patellofemoral ligament, and dynamically by the vastus musculature. Pathologic changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently well correlated with findings found by arthroscopy at the time of surgery.

Effect of glenohumeral elevation on subacromial supraspinatus compression risk during simulated reaching.

Mechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression is one theoretical mechanism in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. However, the relationship between shoulder kinematics and mechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression across the range of humeral elevation motion is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humeral elevation on subacromial compression risk of the supraspinatus during a simulated functional reaching task.

In vivo visualization using MRI T mapping of induced osteochondrosis and osteochondritis dissecans lesions in goats undergoing controlled exercise.

In vivo visualization of subclinical osteochondrosis (OC) lesions, characterized by necrosis of epiphyseal growth cartilage, is necessary to clarify the pathogenesis of this disease. Hence, our objectives were to demonstrate induced necrosis of the epiphyseal cartilage in vivo using MRI and to monitor progression or resolution of resulting lesions. We also aimed to improve the goat model of OC by introducing controlled exercise.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Osteochondritis Dissecans: Validation Study for the ICRS Classification System.

Rationale And Objectives: In this retrospective case series, we utilize arthroscopy as the gold standard to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee can predict osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion stability, the most important information to guide patient treatment decisions. It is hypothesized that the classification system of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) will allow for improved assessment of lesion grade and stability in OCD.

Materials And Methods: Routine MRI studies of 46 consecutive patients with arthroscopically proven OCD lesions (mean age: 23.