Changes in mucin expression in the lungs of infant piglets following cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Atelectasis and mucus plugging are common complications following pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Mucins increase in airway lavage after pediatric CPB; however, tissue expression and regional variation remain to be evaluated in a translational model. The objective of this study was to analyze mucins in the lungs of infant pigs undergoing CPB with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).

Investigating the accuracy of Garmin PPG sensors on differing skin types based on the Fitzpatrick scale: cross-sectional comparison study.

Background: Commercial wearable devices, which are often capable of estimating heart rate via photoplethysmography (PPG), are increasingly used in health promotion. In recent years, researchers have investigated whether the accuracy of PPG-measured heart rate varies based on skin pigmentation, focusing particularly on the accuracy of such devices among users with darker skin tones. As such, manufacturers of wearable devices have implemented strategies to improve accuracy.

Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of Virtual Reality for Remote Group-Mediated Physical Activity in Older Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Physical inactivity represents a major health concern for older adults. Most social, at-home physical activity (PA) interventions use videoconference, email, or telephone communication for program delivery. However, evidence suggests that these platforms may hinder the social connection experienced by users.

Associations between patterns of physical activity, pain intensity, and interference among older adults with chronic pain: a secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials.

Clinical management of chronic pain often includes recommendations to engage in physical activity (PA), though there are little data on the interplay between pain symptoms and key aspects of PA participation (e.g., intensity and bout duration) among older adults.

Bi-directional relationships between physical activity and stress in college aged students: a brief report.

Young adults entering college are exposed to new and ever-changing stressors that powerfully affect health and academic achievement. While engaging in physical activity can help to manage the experience of stress, stress itself is an important barrier to activity. The purpose of this study is to examine the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and momentary stress among college students.

A remote group-mediated daylong physical activity intervention for older adults with chronic pain: Results of the MORPH-II randomized pilot trial.

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects many older adults who often have limited access to non-pharmacological pain management strategies. One potentially effective and novel lifestyle medicine for chronic pain involves increasing physical activity through frequent movement across the day, thereby also decreasing the presence of extended sedentary bouts. The MORPH-II pilot randomized controlled refinement trial iterated on the MORPH trial, which was a first-of-its-kind group-mediated daylong physical activity (DPA) intervention for older adults with chronic pain rooted in social cognitive and self-determination theories and supported by an mHealth toolset designed to foster social connection and awareness of physical activity patterns.

Changes in infant porcine pulmonary tissue oxylipins induced by cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: Oxylipins are metabolites derived from fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA) and are key mediators in inflammation, host defense, and tissue injury. Serum oxylipins increase in adults after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) but tissue-level changes are poorly defined. The objective of this study was to characterize pulmonary tissue oxylipins in an infant porcine model of CPB with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).

Metabolomic profiling demonstrates evidence for kidney and urine metabolic dysregulation in a piglet model of cardiac surgery-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common cause of morbidity after congenital heart disease surgery. Progress on diagnosis and therapy remains limited, however, in part due to poor mechanistic understanding and a lack of relevant translational models. Metabolomic approaches could help identify novel mechanisms of injury and potential therapeutic targets.

Regional lung metabolic profile in a piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass with circulatory arrest.

Introduction: Acute lung injury is common following cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for congenital heart surgery with the most severe injury in the dorsocaudal lung. Metabolomics offers promise in deducing mechanisms of disease states, providing risk stratification, and understanding therapeutic responses in regards to CPB/DHCA related organ injury.

Objectives: Using an infant porcine model, we sought to determine the individual and additive effects of CPB/DHCA and lung region on the metabolic fingerprint, metabolic pathways, and individual metabolites in lung tissue.

Tissue alkaline phosphatase activity and expression in an experimental infant swine model of cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Background: Infant cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass results in decreased circulating alkaline phosphatase that is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase infusion represents a novel therapy for post-cardiac surgery organ injury. However, the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and bovine-intestinal alkaline phosphatase infusion on tissue-level alkaline phosphatase activity/expression are unknown.

Alkaline Phosphatase Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in an Infant Piglet Model of Cardiopulmonary Bypass with Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with prolonged hospitalization and mortality following infant cardiac surgery, but therapeutic options are limited. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) infusion reduced AKI in phase 2 sepsis trials but has not been evaluated for cardiac surgery-induced AKI. We developed a porcine model of infant cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) to investigate post-CPB/DHCA AKI, measure serum/renal tissue AP activity with escalating doses of AP infusion, and provide preliminary assessment of AP infusion for prevention of AKI.

A More Rapid, Rapid Response.

Objectives: Critical care physicians' standard for arrival to a rapid response team activation is 10 minutes or less at this institution. This study proposes that a FaceTime (Apple, Cupertino, CA) video call between the staff at the bedside and the critical care physician will allow the implementation of potentially life-saving therapies earlier than the current average response (4.5 min).