Evolution under vancomycin selection drives divergent collateral sensitivity patterns in .

bacteremia is typically treated empirically with vancomycin, with therapy later tailored based on susceptibility results. However, these tests occur before vancomycin exposure and do not account for adaptation during empiric treatment that can alter ' susceptibility to first-line drugs. To investigate these collateral drug responses, we experimentally evolved 18 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) populations under increasing vancomycin concentrations until they achieved intermediate resistance.

Digital learning: The reach of podcasts and YouTube on trauma surgery education.

Background: Physicians, medical students, and health care professionals are charged with staying current throughout their training. No studies have examined the scope of trauma surgery-related podcasts and videos. Our goal was to characterize and evaluate the growing number of trauma-related podcasts and YouTube channels.