Emergency department use of cross-channel TENS for acute low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is established for chronic lower back pain but less studied in acute settings. This study evaluated the efficacy of cross-channel TENS for acute lower back pain in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial enrolled ED patients aged 18-59 with acute lower back pain and Emergency Severity Index scores of 4 or 5.