Bioinformatics-Guided Identification and Quantification of Biomarkers of Crotalus atrox Envenoming and Its Neutralization by Antivenom.

Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) provides systems-level exploration for the analysis of snakebite envenoming (SBE) as the venom progresses, causing injuries such as hemorrhage, trauma, and death. Predicting EV biomarkers has become an essential aspect of this process, offering an avenue to explore the specific pathophysiological changes that occur after envenoming. As new omics approaches emerge to advance our understanding of SBE, further bioinformatics analyses are warranted to incorporate the use of antivenom or other therapeutics to observe their global impact on various biological processes.

Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Plasma and Peritoneal Exudate in Mice Induced by Crude Venom and Its Purified Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein (Css-CRiSP).

Increased vascular permeability is a frequent outcome of viperid snakebite envenomation, leading to local and systemic complications. We reported that snake venom cysteine-rich secretory proteins (svCRiSPs) from North American pit vipers increase vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. They also induce acute activation of several adhesion and signaling molecules that may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of snakebites.