Mitochondrial selection and evolutionary insights into nectarivory in Glossophaginae (New world leaf-nosed bats).

Background: The family Phyllostomidae, encompassing a wide range of feeding strategies, is one of the most ecologically diverse groups of bats in the Americas. Within this family, nectarivorous bats of the subfamily Glossophaginae play a significant ecological role as pollinators. This study investigated the mitochondrial genome evolution of species in the Glossophaginae subfamily, focusing on selective pressures acting on their mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) compared with those of closely related frugivorous and insectivorous species in the family Phyllostomidae.

Evaluation of behavioural and neurochemical effects of psilocybin in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress.

Depression and anxiety are disabling and high incidence mental disorders characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. Currently available treatments show severe limitations. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective treatments in this population.

Role of endogenous serotonin in psychedelic-like effects of psilocybin in mice.

Background: The psychedelic psilocybin has been posited as efficacious for the treatment of depression. However, the potential link between the intensity of acute psychedelic effects and long-term therapeutic outcomes remains undiscovered. Moreover, the impact of classical antidepressant drugs that modulate serotonergic activity on psilocybin's effects is a clinically relevant concern.

Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood.

Although surveys on bat parasites in the Americas have been conducted, information on helminths remains limited. In Mexican states such as Nayarit and Veracruz only 1 and 8 helminth species have been reported in bats, respectively. In this study, we provide new helminthological records for bats using morphological techniques.

The mitochondrial genome of the fringe-lipped frog-eating bat and its phylogenetic position among new world leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae).

The fringe-lipped frog-eating bat inhabits tropical and semitropical rainforests from Mexico to Brazil. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of . The entire mitogenome is a circular molecule, 16,960 bp in total length that contains 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and one D-loop or control region (CR).

Clinical and preclinical evidence of psilocybin as antidepressant. A narrative review.

In the rapidly growing field of psychedelic research, psilocybin (and active metabolite psilocin) has been proposed as a promising candidate in the search for novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinical trials have revealed that psilocybin has a large, rapid, and persistent effect in the improvement of symptoms of depression and anxiety. The safety profile is considered favourable, with low toxicity and good tolerance.

Uncovering selection pressures on the IRF gene family in bats' immune system.

Unlike other mammals, bats serve as natural reservoirs for several highly pathogenic viruses without exhibiting symptoms of infection. Recent research has explored the complex mechanisms underlying the balance between bats' antiviral defenses and their pathological responses. However, the evolution of the molecular drivers behind bats' antiviral strategies remains largely unknown.

Time to change implementation units for mass drug administration against schistosomiasis in Uganda: Evidence from Communities levels data validation and its implication in planning.

Uganda started implementing mass drug administration against schistosomiasis in 2003, with district used as an implementation unit. This resulted into misclassification of communities into wrong risk levels, under-or-over treatment and over request of praziquantel (PZQ) drugs. The objective of the current study was to reviewing the community data available at World Health Organization/ESPEN database to understand the status of schistosomiasis and identify pockets with infection.

Astrocytic GLUT1 reduction paradoxically improves central and peripheral glucose homeostasis.

Astrocytes are considered an essential source of blood-borne glucose or its metabolites to neurons. Nonetheless, the necessity of the main astrocyte glucose transporter, i.e.

The state of the bats in North America.

The world's rich diversity of bats supports healthy ecosystems and important ecosystem services. Maintaining healthy biological systems requires prompt identification of threats to biodiversity and immediate action to protect species, which for wide-ranging bat species that span geopolitical boundaries warrants international coordination. Anthropogenic forces drive the threats to bats throughout North America and the world.

The genome sequence of the endemic Mexican common mustached Bat, Pteronotus mexicanus. Miller, 1902 [Mormoopidae; Pteronotus].

We describe here the first characterization of the genome of the bat Pteronotus mexicanus, an endemic species of Mexico, as part of the Mexican Bat Genome Project which focuses on the characterization and assembly of the genomes of endemic bats in Mexico. The genome was assembled from a liver tissue sample of an adult male from Jalisco, Mexico provided by the Texas Tech University Museum tissue collection. The assembled genome size was 1.

Unraveling genomic features and phylogenomics through the analysis of three Mexican endemic genomes.

Background: Genomic resource development for non-model organisms is rapidly progressing, seeking to uncover molecular mechanisms and evolutionary adaptations enabling thriving in diverse environments. Limited genomic data for bat species hinder insights into their evolutionary processes, particularly within the diverse genus of the Vespertilionidae family. In Mexico, 15 species exist, with three-, , and -being endemic and of conservation concern.

Characterization of the mitochondrial genomes of the Mexican endemic bats Corynorhinus mexicanus and Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae).

Background: The genus Corynorhinus is composed of four recognized species: C. rafinesquii, C. townsendii, C.

Comparative mitochondrial genomics of endemic Mexican vesper yellow bats genus Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and insights into internal relationships in the family Vespertilionidae.

In the species-rich family Vespertilionidae, vesper yellow bats in the genus Rhogeessa include eleven species, three of them endemic to Mexico. These insectivorous bats provide important ecosystem services, including pest control. Even though some aspects of their biology are well- known, only a few genomic resources are available for these species, which limits our understanding of their biology.

Effects of Teosinte Flour () on Selected Physicochemical Characteristics and Consumer Perceptions of Gluten-Free Cocoa Cookies Formulated with Mung Bean () Flour.

, or teosinte, is a living fossil tree discovered in Olancho, Honduras, whose seeds have a desirable nutritional profile that can provide health benefits. As a result, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of teosinte flour obtained from seeds on selected physicochemical characteristics and consumer perceptions of gluten-free cocoa cookies formulated with mung bean () flour. Gluten-free cocoa cookies were prepared with different levels of teosinte flour (0%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% by weight of mung bean flour) in substitution of mung bean flour.

Modeling the economic impact for Chile of an import ban on genetically modified maize.

We estimate producer and consumer surplus changes due to a possible GM maize import ban in Chile, which produces only non-GM grains for internal use. Without foreign non-GM sources, the ban's effect on domestic maize prices would be so significant as to induce Chile to switch from net exporter to net importer of animal products. Fixed factor owners in farm production would benefit significantly, although non-GM maize imports would moderate gains.

Molecular and morphological data suggest a new species of big-eared bat (Vespertilionidae: Corynorhinus) endemic to northeastern Mexico.

Corynorhinus mexicanus is an insectivorous bat endemic to Mexico that inhabits the high and humid regions of the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO), the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), and the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOC). A previous study suggested that C. mexicanus could be a cryptic species complex due to the genetic divergence observed between specimens from the TMVB and SMOC.

Schistosomiasis control in Senegal: results from community data analysis for optimizing preventive chemotherapy intervention with praziquantel.

Background: Over the past two decades, preventive chemotherapy (PC) with praziquantel (PZQ) is the major strategy for controlling schistosomiasis in Senegal. The objective of this analysis was to update the endemicity of schistosomiasis at community level for better targeting mass treatment with PZQ in Senegal.

Methods: Demographic and epidemiological data from 1610 community health areas were analyzed using the schistosomiasis community data analysis tool of Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases which developed by World Health Organization/Africa Office (WHO/AFRO).

The mitochondrial genome of the mountain wooly tapir, Tapirus pinchaque and a formal test of the effect of altitude on the adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein coding genes in odd-toed ungulates.

Background: The harsh conditions of high-altitude environments are known to drive the evolution of physiological and morphological traits in endothermic animals. These conditions are expected to result in the adaptive evolution of protein coding genes encoded in mitochondrial genomes that are vital for the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. In this study, we formally tested for signatures of adaptive evolution on mitochondrial protein coding genes in Tapirus pinchaque and other odd-toed ungulates inhabiting high-elevation environments.

Comparative mitochondrial genomics of American nectar-feeding long-nosed bats Leptonycteris spp. with insights into the phylogeny of the family Phyllostomidae.

Among leaf-nosed bats (family Phyllostomidae), the genus Leptonycteris (subfamily Glossophaginae), contains three migratory and obligate nectar-dwelling species of great ecological and economic importance; the greater long-nosed bat L. nivalis, the lesser long-nosed bat L. yerbabuenae, and the southern long-nosed bat L.

Maternal Immune Activation Induces Cortical Catecholaminergic Hypofunction and Cognitive Impairments in Offspring.

Background: Impairment of specific cognitive domains in schizophrenia has been associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) catecholaminergic deficits. Among other factors, prenatal exposure to infections represents an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia development in adulthood. However, it remains largely unknown whether the prenatal infection-induced changes in the brain may be associated with concrete switches in a particular neurochemical circuit, and therefore, if they could alter behavioral functions.

Diagnostic Performance of Anti-dsDNA Tests by Indirect Immunofluorescence and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Background: Several laboratory techniques for anti double-stranded (ds) DNA detection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are available, with variable diagnostic performance. We aimed to evaluate anti-dsDNA's diagnostic performance by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA).

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective (2015 to 2020) study.