Effectiveness of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination in South Korean Adolescents.

Background And Aims: Adolescents can have severe/chronic outcomes from COVID-19. Real-world data on relative vaccine effectiveness between mRNA- and protein-based vaccines are limited, and more data are needed on disease outcomes in this age group.

Methods: The K-COV-N database, COVID-19 vaccine registry and health insurance claims were retrospectively reviewed to identify adolescents (12- to 18-year-olds) in South Korea who received a homologous primary series of NVX-CoV2373 or BNT162b2 and a heterologous or homologous third vaccine dose.

Real-world effectiveness of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea.

Objectives: In February 2022, NVX-CoV2373 became available in South Korea; real-world effectiveness of multiple doses compared with mRNA-based vaccines has not been thoroughly evaluated.

Methods: This retrospective study identified NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 recipients aged ≥12 years from the K-COV-N database. Vaccine groups were propensity score-matched based on demographic characteristics, Seoul capital area residence, income level, comorbidity/disability, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and prior vaccination dose/timing.

Relative effectiveness of homologous NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccinations in South Korea.

To estimate the relative effectiveness of NVX-CoV2373 versus BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease during the Omicron variant dominance in South Korea, we conducted a retrospective cohort-study among ≥12-year-olds using the K-COV-N database, which links COVID-19 vaccine registry data with health insurance claims data. The Cox proportional-hazards model and inverse probability of treatment weighting were employed to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Among homologous primary-series NVX-CoV2373 versus BNT162b2 recipients at Day 180 post-vaccination, the aHR was 0.

Benefit-risk assessment for the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373).

A benefit-risk assessment of NVX-CoV2373, a vaccine to prevent COVID-19, was conducted to determine if the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks of myocarditis/pericarditis. This analysis used data on myocarditis/pericarditis cases observed in the NVX-CoV2373 clinical studies, real-world data of mRNA COVID vaccine effectiveness against predominant SARS-CoV-2 strains in early 2023, and recent COVID-19 burden of disease data from the United States. The benefits of NVX-CoV2373 vaccination were estimated as the number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths prevented.

Patterns of use of recombinant zoster vaccine among commercially-insured immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults 50-64 years old in the United States.

Purpose: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends recombinant zoster vaccination (RZV) for adults ≥ 50 years to prevent herpes zoster (HZ) and its sequelae. Initially, no distinct recommendation was made for immunocompromised adults, who experience higher HZ rates and more severe outcomes. We characterized receipt of first RZV dose (initiation) and both doses (completion) over time, and the impact of immune function on RZV uptake among adults aged 50-64 years in the United States.

Database selection matters: A case study in child restraint use and injury patterns using North Carolina motor vehicle traffic crash report and trauma registry data.

Objective: While proper restraint use is protective against motor traffic vehicle crash (MVTC)-associated morbidity and mortality, it is inconsistently measured across health and MVTC data sources. This project addresses this gap by assessing differences in child restraint measures between two North Carolina (NC) datasets and comparing the utility of these sources to evaluate patterns of child restraint use and associated health outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed 2018 NC MVTC and NC Trauma Registry (NCTR) data for children ≤15 years old, both separately and as linked MVTC-NCTR records.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate the Treatment Effect and Inform a Noninferiority Margin for a Phase 3 Noninferiority Trial in Uncomplicated Urogenital Gonorrhea.

Background: Active-controlled noninferiority studies are used to investigate novel agents for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea (uUGC) as placebo-controlled trials are unethical. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the ceftriaxone and proxy-for-placebo microbiological treatment effect and determine an appropriate noninferiority margin for phase 3 trials.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.

Predictors of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Participants in the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective: Older adults typically experience higher rates of severe disease and mortality than the general population after contracting an infectious disease. Vaccination is critical for preventing disease and severe downstream outcomes; however, vaccination rates among older adults are suboptimal. We assessed predictors associated with pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination among older women.

Gender differences in respiratory health outcomes among farming cohorts around the globe: findings from the AGRICOH consortium.

: Respiratory hazards of farming have been identified for centuries, with little focus on gender differences. We used data from the AGRICOH consortium, a collective of prospective cohorts of agricultural workers, to assess respiratory disease prevalence among adults in 18 cohorts representing over 200,000 farmers, farm workers, and their spouses from six continents.: Cohorts collected data between 1992 and 2016 and ranged in size from 200 to >128,000 individuals; 44% of participants were female.

Association between Gut Microbiome Composition and Rotavirus Vaccine Response among Nicaraguan Infants.

Rotavirus is the leading cause of childhood deaths due to diarrhea. Although existing oral rotavirus vaccines are highly efficacious in high-income countries, these vaccines have been demonstrated to have decreased efficacy in low- and middle-income countries. A possible explanation for decreased efficacy is the impact of gut microbiota on the enteric immune system's response to vaccination.

A bibliometric analysis of an international research ethics trainee program.

We used bibliometric analysis to evaluate the citations associated with publications by trainees in the Fogarty International Center's International Research Ethics Education and Curriculum Development program. Papers published between 2004 and 2008 were identified for analysis. The outcome measures were total citations, h-index, and i-10.