This study investigates how educational attainment affects dementia and cognitive impairment through the lens of DNA methylation age acceleration, while considering the interactions between exposures and mediators.
Researchers examined data from 2016 participants and found associations indicating that both lower education levels and accelerated biological aging (GrimAge) are linked to a higher risk of cognitive impairment.
The study reveals that while the mediation effect of GrimAge on dementia related to education is modest, a significant portion of the effect stems from the interaction between low education and biological aging, highlighting the relationship between social disadvantage and cognitive health.
* Researchers analyzed saliva samples from 796 children at ages 9 and 15 and found 8,430 sites on autosomal chromosomes where DNA methylation levels differed by sex, with a significant 76.2% showing higher levels in females.
* The consistent results between ages 9 and 15 suggest that these sex-differential DNA methylation patterns are stable over time, contributing to our understanding of why some diseases show differing prevalence based on sex.