A vestibulospinal pathway for context-dependent motor control of the mouse tail.

Tail movement is critical for maintaining balance during locomotion in many animal species, yet its underlying neuromuscular control remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the neuronal substrates responsible for tail control in mice. Using high-resolution microCT and retrograde labeling, we describe the neuromuscular organization of the tail and identify distinct groups of motor neurons in the spinal cord that innervate proximal and distal muscles.