Alpha-Ketoisocaproate Attenuates Muscle Atrophy in Cancer Cachexia Models.

Background: Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by progressive loss of muscle mass with limited Food and Drug Administration treatments. Although emerging evidence suggests that l-leucine and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) have potential for treating CAC, the role of α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), a metabolite of l-leucine, remains unclear. Therefore, this study explored the use of KIC as a therapeutic agent for CAC-induced muscle atrophy by targeting myostatin.

Extract of (Thunba.) Jussieu Fruit Reduces Muscle Atrophy in Cancer Cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome involved in muscle wasting, fat depletion, fatigue, reduced appetite, and unintentional weight loss. Recent studies have suggested that natural products can prevent cancer cachexia; however, there have been no studies on the effects of fruit extract on cancer cachexia. This study aimed to identify compounds of fruit extracted from water (LJFE-W) and those extracted from 30% ethanol (LJFE-E) for cancer cachexia treatment.

Pharmacological inhibition of USP14 delays proteostasis-associated aging in a proteasome-dependent but foxo-independent manner.

Aging is often accompanied by a decline in proteostasis, manifested as an increased propensity for misfolded protein aggregates, which are prevented by protein quality control systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and macroautophagy/autophagy. Although the role of the UPS and autophagy in slowing age-induced proteostasis decline has been elucidated, limited information is available on how these pathways can be activated in a collaborative manner to delay proteostasis-associated aging. Here, we show that activation of the UPS via the pharmacological inhibition of USP14 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 14) using IU1 improves proteostasis and autophagy decline caused by aging or proteostatic stress in and human cells.

Minocycline treatment improves proteostasis during Drosophila aging via autophagy mediated by FOXO and Hsp70.

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline derivative antibiotic that has been examined for its non-antibiotic properties, such as anti-inflammatory, tumor-suppressive, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we found that feeding minocycline to Drosophila improves proteostasis during organismal aging. Poly-ubiquitinated protein aggregates increase in the flight muscles as flies age, which are reduced in response to minocycline feeding.

Paraburkholderia lacunae sp. nov., isolated from soil near an artificial pond.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated strain S27, was isolated from soil near an artificial pond in South Korea. Cells were non-motile short rods showing oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth of strain S27 was observed at 20-40°C (optimum, 30°C), pH 5.

Steroid signaling mediates nutritional regulation of juvenile body growth via IGF-binding protein in .

Nutritional condition during the juvenile growth period considerably affects final adult size. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS)/target of rapamycin (TOR) nutrient-sensing pathway is known to regulate growth and metabolism in response to nutritional conditions. However, there is limited information on how endocrine pathways communicate nutritional information to different metabolic organs to regulate organismal growth.

Minocycline treatment increases resistance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan in via FOXO.

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline derivative antibiotic that has received increasing attention for its non-antibiotic properties, mainly anti-inflammatory, tumor-suppressive, and neuroprotective effects. is a widely used genetically tractable model organism for studying organismal aging by virtue of its short lifespan and ease of cultivation. In this study, we examined the effects of minocycline on lifespan and its associated traits.