Trust, trust repair, and public health: a scoping review.

Objective: This study investigates the scope of evidence on trust, trust repair, and public health.

Methods: We identified quantitative studies that evaluated the relationship between trust or trust repair and public health from January 1990 to May 2023. Results were stratified evaluating trust as an exposure or outcome and reporting on trust repair.

Comparison of the Usability and Reliability of Answers to Clinical Questions: AI-Generated ChatGPT versus a Human-Authored Resource.

Objectives: Our aim was to compare the usability and reliability of answers to clinical questions posed of Chat-Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) compared to those of a human-authored Web source (www.Pearls4Peers.com) in response to "real-world" clinical questions raised during the care of patients.

Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of the Cubic MgMnO Spinel with Porous-Spongy Structure.

MgMnO nanoparticles with cubic spinel structure were synthesized by the sol-gel method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a chelating agent. X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectrum (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the crystalline phase and particle size of as-synthesized nanoparticles. The electronic structure of MgMnO spinel was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Adaptive penalties for generalized Tikhonov regularization in statistical regression models with application to spectroscopy data.

Tikhonov regularization was proposed for multivariate calibration by Andries and Kalivas [1]. We use this framework for modeling the statistical association between spectroscopy data and a scalar outcome. In both the calibration and regression settings this regularization process has advantages over methods of spectral pre-processing and dimension-reduction approaches such as feature extraction or principal component regression.

Bivariate correlation coefficients in family-type clustered studies.

We propose a unified approach based on a bivariate linear mixed effects model to estimate three types of bivariate correlation coefficients (BCCs), as well as the associated variances between two quantitative variables in cross-sectional data from a family-type clustered design. These BCCs are defined at different levels of experimental units including clusters (e.g.

Age-related effects on circadian phase in the sleep of patients with depression and insomnia.

We examined whether an age-related phase advance was present in 60 patients with depression and insomnia (mean age 41.5 [12.5] years) using diaries and 5 weekdays of actigraphy.

Measuring the impact of apnea and obesity on circadian activity patterns using functional linear modeling of actigraphy data.

Background: Actigraphy provides a way to objectively measure activity in human subjects. This paper describes a novel family of statistical methods that can be used to analyze this data in a more comprehensive way.

Methods: A statistical method for testing differences in activity patterns measured by actigraphy across subgroups using functional data analysis is described.

Adult diet affects lifespan and reproduction of the fruit-feeding butterfly Charaxes fulvescens.

Fruit-feeding butterflies are among the longest lived Lepidoptera. While the use of pollen-derived amino acids by Heliconius butterflies has been interpreted as important for the evolution of extended lifespans, very little is known about the life-history consequences of frugivory. This issue is addressed by investigating effects of four adult diets (sugar, sugar with amino acids, banana, and moistened banana) on lifespan and reproduction in the fruit-feeding butterfly Charaxes fulvescens Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Does dietary restriction reduce life span in male fruit-feeding butterflies?

Male life history and resource allocation is not frequently studied in aging and life span research. Here, we verify that males of long-lived fruit-feeding butterfly species have reduced longevity on restricted diets [Beck, J., 2007.

Nutrients in fruit increase fertility in wild-caught females of large and long-lived Euphaedra species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).

Fruit-feeding butterflies can experience a more nutrient rich adult diet than nectar-feeding species, and can be expected to use these nutrients for egg production. Here we compare life span, and reproduction parameters of wild-caught females of large and long-lived species on either a sucrose or a mashed banana diet. With small sample sizes per species, but rich longitudinal data for each individual, we examined the longitudinal reproduction pattern, egg size and hatchability of these butterflies in captivity.

Amino acid sources in the adult diet do not affect life span and fecundity in the fruit-feeding butterfly Bicyclus anynana.

1. In tropical forests, the adults of many butterfly species feed on fruits rather than nectar from flowers and have long life spans. Rotting fruit and nectar differ from each other in many respects, including sources of amino acids and microbial life.

Modeling longitudinal data with nonparametric multiplicative random effects jointly with survival data.

In clinical studies, longitudinal biomarkers are often used to monitor disease progression and failure time. Joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data has certain advantages and has emerged as an effective way to mutually enhance information. Typically, a parametric longitudinal model is assumed to facilitate the likelihood approach.

Challenging the validity of the EPO index.

Background: With use of recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) and intravenous iron, the majority of hemodialysis patients can achieve target hemoglobin concentrations. EPO resistance arises as a consequence of inflammation and other processes that can adversely affect survival. We hypothesized that the EPO dose-hematocrit (EPO/Hct) ratio, also known as the EPO index, may be a surrogate for inflammation and that greater EPO/Hct ratios would be associated with decreased survival.