Biotin, or vitamin H/B, is essential for metabolizing fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates and is important for various applications in food and medicine.
Humans and animals cannot produce biotin on their own and must obtain it from diet and gut bacteria, while microorganisms and plants can synthesize it.
The review covers methods of biotin production, including chemical synthesis and sustainable microbial alternatives, and discusses ways to enhance production through mutation, genetic engineering, and optimization for future industrial use.