Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic oncology: Current status and perspectives.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment by leveraging the immune system's capacity to fight gynecologic cancer. This review summarizes the current status and future perspectives of ICIs in the treatment of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers and rare tumors. ICIs have demonstrated significant efficacy in tumors with high tumor mutational burden and immune markers such as PD-L1 expression and microsatellite instability.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Single-Port Access Laparoscopic and Single-Site Robotic Surgery in Benign Gynecologic Diseases: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

To compare the outcomes of single-port access laparoscopic surgery (SPALS) and single-site robotic surgery (SSRS) for benign gynecological diseases, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 367 patients who underwent gynecologic surgery at Sejong Chungnam National University Hospital from October 2020 to December 2023. : Of these 367 patients, 197 underwent SPALS, whereas 170 underwent SSRS. The SPALS group comprised 87 patients who underwent hysterectomy; 107, adnexal surgery (cystectomy: 44, adnexectomy: 63); and 1 myomectomy.

Gynecologic oncology in 2024: breakthrough trials and evolving treatment strategies for cervical, uterine corpus, and ovarian cancers.

This review summarized the results of clinical trials in 2024 that were believed to have a significant impact on clinical practice in the field of gynecologic oncology. The SHAPE trial, INTERLACE and KEYNOTE-A18 trials, and BEATcc and COMPASSION-16 trials were included in early-stage, locally advanced, and recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer, respectively. For uterine corpus cancer, updated survival data of the four trials (NRG-GY018, RUBY, AtTEnd, DUO-E) for endometrial cancer and the first survival data of LMS-04 trial for leiomyosarcoma were described.

Clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer: an update of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology Guidelines.

We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024.

Clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer: the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines.

This fifth revised version of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer incorporates recent research findings and changes in treatment strategies based on version 4.0 released in 2020. Each key question was developed by focusing on recent notable insights and crucial contemporary issues in the field of cervical cancer.

Risk factors for the failure of first-line PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: Gynecologic Oncology Research Investigators Collaboration Study (GORILLA-3004).

Objective: To identify the risk factors for failure of first-line poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance therapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Method: Patients with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer who received first-line PARPi maintenance therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic factors were compared between two groups-recur/progression of disease (PD) and non-recur/PD.

Ten-year treatment outcomes of consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (HIPEC-KOV-03R).

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent second-look surgery either with or without HIPEC after having complete or partial response to primary cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy between January 1991 and December 2003 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital.

Fertility-sparing hormonal treatment in patients with stage I endometrial cancer of grade 2 without myometrial invasion and grade 1-2 with superficial myometrial invasion: Gynecologic Oncology Research Investigators coLLaborAtion study (GORILLA-2001).

Objectives: To evaluate oncologic and pregnancy outcomes of fertility-sparing treatment (FST) using progestin in patients with stage I grade 2 endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC) without myometrial invasion (MI) or grade 1-2 with superficial MI.

Methods: Multicenter data of patients with stage I grade 2 EC without MI or grade 1-2 EC with superficial MI, who received FST between 2005 and 2021, were analyzed. Cox regression analysis identified independent factors for progressive disease (PD) during the FST.

Is there a relationship between surgical proficiency and oncologic outcome of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer?

Investigate the relationship between surgical proficiency and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the treatment of early-stage cervical cancer. This retrospective study included patients with cervical cancer stage IB1, IB2 who were treated with minimally invasive radical hysterectomy from January 2010 to Dec 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the year of surgery: phase 1 (from January 2010 to December 2015) and phase 2 (from January 2016 to December 2020).

Robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer stage IB1.

The aim of this study was to compare survival outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (RRH) and conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) in cervical cancer stage IB1. This is a retrospective study of patients with cervical cancer stage IB1 who surgically treated by either RRH or LRH. Oncologic outcomes of the patients were compared according to surgical approach.

Enhancing autophagy leads to increased cell death in radiation-treated cervical cancer cells.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of autophagy modulation in radiation treatment of cervical cancer cells. HeLa and CaSki cells were irradiated with γ-rays (2 Gy/min) after treatment with an autophagy inducer (rapamycin) and inhibitor (3-MA). Expression of LC3 and cell death in two cell preparations were examined.

Prognostic significance of histological grade in low-risk endometrial cancer.

Investigate the risk factors for recurrence in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer. A retrospective review was performed to identify patients who underwent primary surgical treatment for endometrial cancer from December 2009 to December 2020. Patients who met the following criteria were included in the study: (a) International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA, (b) endometrioid-type histology, (c) histological grade 1 or 2.

Visceral obesity as a risk factor of incisional hernia after single-port laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate associations between abdominal fat distribution (AFD) parameters and incisional hernia (IH) in patients who underwent transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) for gynecological disease.

Methods: Medical records of 2116 patients who underwent SPLS for gynecological disease at Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital between March 2014 and February 2021 were reviewed.

Postoperative Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone for Stage III Endometrial Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of 6 cycles of chemotherapy and radiation therapy compared with chemotherapy alone as postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with stage III endometrial cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with stage III endometrial cancer who received postoperative chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy alone at 6 hospitals between January 2009 and December 2019. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for each treatment group were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Usefulness of Short-Term Imaging and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen to Early Predict Response to Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Cervical Cancer.

Objective: The objective is to investigate the factors that can predict early treatment response in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for cervical cancer.

Methods: We assessed clinical factors and treatment response in patients who underwent CCRT for cervical cancer at four time points: initial, 2.5 weeks, 6 weeks after starting CCRT, and 3 months after completing CCRT.

Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in non-endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Evaluate the prognostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NMR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in patients with non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. Laboratory and clinicopathological data from 118 patients with non-endometrioid endometrial cancer who underwent surgical resection between January 2010 and December 2019 were reviewed. NLR, PLR and MLR were analyzed for correlations with recurrence and survival.

Oncologic safety of minimally invasive surgery in non-endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes of patients with non-endometrioid endometrial cancer who underwent minimally invasive surgery with the outcomes of patients who underwent open surgery.

Method: This is a retrospective, multi-institutional study of patients with non-endometrioid endometrial cancer who were surgically staged by either minimally invasive surgery or open surgery. Oncologic outcomes of the patients were compared according to surgical approach.

Prediction of lymphovascular space invasion in patients with endometrial cancer.

Predict the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), using uterine factors such as tumor diameter (TD), grade, and depth of myometrial invasion (MMI). Develop a predictive model that could serve as a marker of LVSI in women with endometrial cancer (EC). Data from 888 patients with endometrioid EC who were treated between January 2009 and December 2018 were reviewed.

Minimally invasive surgery for patients with advanced stage endometrial cancer.

Compare the oncologic outcomes of patients with advanced stage endometrial cancer who were staged by minimally invasive surgery with the outcomes of patients who underwent open surgery. Data from 138 patients with advanced stage endometrial cancer who were treated between January 2009 and January 2019 were reviewed. The patients' data were retrieved from five institutions.

Single-Site Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Staging Surgery for Presumed Clinically Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer.

Study Objective: To present the demonstration of robotic-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site (R-LESS) staging surgery in presumed clinically early-stage ovarian cancer.

Design: A step-by-step presentation of the procedure using video (Canadian Task Force classification III).

Setting: A university hospital.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal adrenal hemorrhage and endocrinologic evaluation.

We present a case of a fetal adrenal hemorrhage, a rare disease in fetal life, detected prenatally at 36 weeks' gestation by ultrasound. Routine ultrasound examination at 36 weeks' gestation by primary obstetrician showed a cyst on the fetal suprarenal area. Initially, the suspected diagnosis was a fetal adrenal hemorrhage, but we should diagnose differently from neuroblastoma.