Wound Care Practices Among People Who Inject Drugs in Austin, Texas.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) may develop skin and soft tissue infections because of limited access to sterile injection supplies and education regarding safer injection techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess wound care experiences, knowledge, and practices among individuals accessing community-based services and inform service provision for PWID.

Methods: Using convenience sampling, participants of an organization that engages with PWID in Austin, Texas, were engaged in a multiphase mixed-methods study.

Parental Opioid Misuse and Adolescent-Reported Positive Parenting Behaviors: An Analysis of Parent-Child Dyads From the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Purpose: Past studies emphasize positive associations between parental opioid misuse and adverse outcomes for children and families yet neglect to understand whether opioid misuse interferes with positive parenting behaviors, such as checking on homework or engaging in serious discussions with an adolescent child.

Method: We analyzed data collected from parent-adolescent dyads (N = 24,900) surveyed for the 2014-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, specifically examining relationships between parents' past-year opioid misuse or heroin use and adolescent-reported parenting behaviors.

Results: For both mother-child and father-child dyads, parent-reported opioid misuse was significantly associated with only one of 10 positive parenting behaviors.

Pubertal Development and Pregnancy Outcomes Among System-Involved Youth.

System-involved youth are a vulnerable population at high-risk of experiencing numerous sexual reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. They are likely to have several risk factors for teen pregnancy and parenting including abuse and neglect histories, lack of a supportive consistent adult in their lives, and limited opportunities to experience normal romantic relationships. Issues of pubertal development are rarely addressed in this population.

"If It Didn't Get Reported, It Didn't Happen": Current Nonfatal Overdose Reporting Practices among Nontraditional Reporters in Texas.

Drug overdose deaths in Texas have been accelerating in recent years with an increase of 33% in the 12 months leading up to December 2020. Accurate counts of nonfatal overdoses - including associated aspects of overdose, such as substances involved, demographic information, and reversal agents administered is critical to increase timely and adequate response to individuals and communities in need. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with harm reduction workers across four Texas counties to understand existing methods of reporting overdoses, naloxone dissemination/administration, and recommendations for improving overdose surveillance.

Introduction to Helping to End Addiction Long-Term Prevention Cooperative: Overview and Strategies.

This supplemental issue describes the individual studies and collaborative efforts of the Helping to End Addiction Long-term Prevention Cooperative's (HPC's) innovative approaches to rapidly develop evidence-based prevention programs for widespread dissemination. This introduction succinctly reviews (1) the context that demands the rapid development of efficacious prevention programs and their scale-ups, (2) the unique objectives of the individual HPC research projects, and (3) collective efforts to harmonize research across studies to advance the prevention of opioid misuse and gain insight into opioid misuse etiology to inform improvements in preventive interventions. At the conclusion of HPC studies, we anticipate the availability of multiple evidence-based programs to prevent opioid misuse and use disorder for persons who experience particular sources of risk and for delivery in settings where prevention has traditionally been lacking.

A qualitative exploration of unintentional versus intentional exposure to fentanyl among people who use drugs in Austin, TX.

Background: The prevalence of deaths involving synthetic opioids has historically been lower in Texas than most U.S. states but more than quadrupled from January 2020 to January 2022.

Understanding State-Level Variations in Implementing Academic Detailing for Prescribing Opioids: Findings from 11 States Within the United States.

Objective: Academic detailing is a clinical education technique characterized by targeted, one-on-one, interactive conversations between trained staff and the clinician. This study describes variations in implementing academic detailing among jurisdictions receiving funding from the U.S.

The impact of community-level prevention strategies on high-dose opioid dispensing rates: 2014-2019.

Background: Prescription opioids played a major role in the current opioid overdose epidemic. High rates of opioid prescribing and dispensing exposed many people to opioids, and high-dose opioid prescriptions (e.g.

Examining the Relationship between Social Connection and Opioid Misuse: A Systematic Review.

Methods: We used a Boolean search strategy of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase to identify eligible publications from January 1990 to March 2020 and narrative analysis to synthesize the evidence.

Results: The database search identified 1267 independent citations; 29 publications met inclusion criteria. Nearly all the studies demonstrated high risk of bias, most often due to selection and confounding bias.

A Latent Class Analysis of Prevention Approaches Used to Reduce Community-Level Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents and Young Adults.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Strategic Prevention Framework Partnerships for Success (PFS) program supports community-based organizations (CBOs) across the United States in implementing evidence-based prevention interventions to reduce substance use in adolescents and young adults. Little attention has been paid to how CBOs combine interventions to create comprehensive community-specific prevention approaches, or whether different approaches achieve similar community-level effects on prescription drug misuse (PDM). We used PFS evaluation data to address these gaps.

Presidential youth fitness program implementation: An antecedent to organizational change.

Introduction: Grounded in organizational change theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the Presidential Youth Fitness Program (PYFP) and its association with healthy cultures within schools.

Methods: Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, site visits and artifacts across 374 schools. An explanatory collective case study approach was used to identify key events related to implementation.

Changes in Outpatient Buprenorphine Dispensing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study examined outpatient buprenorphine dispensing patterns in Texas before vs after the Drug Enforcement Administration temporarily relaxed outpatient buprenorphine prescribing regulations in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development of the Fitness Education Index: A Scale of Organizational Level Capacity.

: Fitness education is essential for children's health, but determining the effectiveness of instruction related to health-related fitness is difficult. The present study developed and confirmed the validity of a 20-item scale, adapted from the School Health Index (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014), to evaluate the success of fitness education portion of the Presidential Youth Fitness Program (PYFP) across a sample of 785 teachers. : The initial subset (n = 373) represented 353 schools and was used for conducting an exploratory factor analysis.

HealthyhornsTXT: A Text-Messaging Program to Promote College Student Health and Wellness.

Objective: Text-messaging interventions positively affect health behaviors, but their use on college campuses has been limited. Text messaging serves as a relatively affordable way to communicate with large audiences and is one of the preferred modes of communication for young adults. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a campus-wide, health text-messaging program.

Longitudinal Conjoint Patterns of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Throughout Emerging Adulthood.

Background: The concurrent use of alcohol and tobacco has a multiplicative effect on both social and physical consequences. While it is known that alcohol and tobacco use are strongly correlated in emerging adulthood, there is significant individual variability in use. However, little research has examined how patterns of concurrent use are related over time.

Peer and Individual Risk Factors in Adolescence Explaining the Relationship Between Girls' Pubertal Timing and Teenage Childbearing.

Girls with early pubertal timing are at elevated risk for teenage childbearing; however, the modifiable mechanisms driving this relationship are not well understood. The objective of the current study was to determine whether substance use, perceived peer substance use, and older first sexual partners mediate the relationships among girls' pubertal timing, sexual debut, and teenage childbearing. Data are from Waves 1-15 of the female cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a nationwide, ongoing cohort study of U.

Aggressive and Prosocial? Examining Latent Profiles of Behavior, Social Status, Machiavellianism, and Empathy.

The present study tests whether aggression and prosocial behavior can coexist as part of a socially functional and adaptive profile among early adolescents. Using a person-centered approach, the study examined early adolescents' likelihood of being classified into profiles involving aggressive and prosocial behavior, social status (popular, liked, cool), machiavellianism, and both affective and cognitive components of empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking, respectively). Participants were 1170 early adolescents (10-12 years of age; 52% male) from four schools in metropolitan Santiago, Chile.

Peer Group Similarity in Perceptions of Pubertal Timing.

Self-report measures of perceived pubertal timing correspond only weakly with clinical measures of "objective" physical development. Peer and school contexts shape adolescents' self-perceptions of pubertal timing. The current study examined associations between perceived pubertal timing and the pubertal timing reported by nominated friends and schoolmates.

The Impact of a City-Wide Indoor Smoking Ban on Smoking and Drinking Behaviors Across Emerging Adulthood.

Introduction: Almost one-third of college students report recent cigarette use, primarily as "social smoking," and often in conjunction with alcohol use. While city-wide indoor smoking bans effectively reduce the number of social opportunities to smoke (eg, bars and music clubs), little is known about how these bans may impact the smoking behaviors of college students. Furthermore, nothing is known about how indoor smoking bans may impact students' drinking behaviors.

Perceived pubertal timing and recent substance use among adolescents: a longitudinal perspective.

Aims: To determine the longitudinal associations between perceived pubertal timing and recent substance use between the ages of 11 and 17 years.

Design, Setting And Participants: A school-based cohort sequential study of adolescents in rural North Carolina, USA (n = 6892, 50% female) in the 6-8th grades at baseline and interviewed across five consecutive semesters.

Measurements: Self-administered questionnaires in a group setting measured perceived pubertal development using the Pubertal Development Scale and adolescents reported past 3-month use of cigarettes, alcohol and marijuana.

Longitudinal bi-directional relationships between sleep and youth substance use.

Despite the known deficits in sleep that occur during adolescence and the high prevalence of substance use behaviors among this group, relatively little research has explored how sleep and substance use may be causally related. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal bi-directional relationships between sleep duration, sleep patterns and youth substance use behaviors. Participants included 704 mostly white (86.

Mentoring early-career preventionists: current views from mentors and protégés.

In prevention science, much of the training occurs outside of a formal graduate program and mentorship is invaluable to early-career individuals. A sample of the Society for Prevention Research (SPR) membership (N = 97) from a wide range of career levels completed an online questionnaire in spring 2010. Almost 20% identified as mentors, 32% as protégés, and 49% as both a mentor and a protégé.