TAPAS-A Prospective, Multicentre, Long-Term Cohort Study in Children, Adolescents and Adults with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-Design and Early Results.

: The guideline on allergen-specific immunotherapy of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology recommends subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children and adults with moderate to severe symptoms. The five years cohort study described below was designed in 2020 to demonstrate non-inferiority in terms of safety, tolerability and efficacy in a paediatric population compared with adult patients treated with microcrystalline tyrosine-adsorbed allergoids for their tree and grass pollen allergy in a perennial setting. Here, we present the preliminary findings from the first year.

The holo beta-lactoglobulin lozenge reduces symptoms in cat allergy-Evaluation in an allergen exposure chamber and by titrated nasal allergen challenge.

Background: The allergists´ tool box in cat allergy management is limited. Clinical studies have shown that holo beta-lactoglobulin (holoBLG) can restore micronutritional deficits in atopic immune cells and alleviate allergic symptoms in a completely allergen-nonspecific manner. With this study, we aimed to provide proof of principle in cat allergy.

Associations of maternal type 1 diabetes with childhood adiposity and metabolic health in the offspring: a prospective cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: Exposure to an intrauterine hyperglycaemic environment has been suggested to increase the offspring's later risk for being overweight or having metabolic abnormalities, but conclusive evidence for pregnancies affected by maternal type 1 diabetes is still lacking. This study aims to analyse the relationship between maternal type 1 diabetes and the offspring's metabolic health and investigate whether birthweight and/or changes in the offspring's metabolome are in the potential pathway.

Methods: We analysed data from 610 and 2169 offspring having a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes from the TEENDIAB and BABYDIAB/BABYDIET cohorts, respectively.

Capillary blood islet autoantibody screening for identifying pre-type 1 diabetes in the general population: design and initial results of the Fr1da study.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at an early presymptomatic stage by the detection of islet autoantibodies. The Fr1da study aims to assess whether early staging of type 1 diabetes (1) is feasible at a population-based level, (2) prevents severe metabolic decompensation observed at the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes and (3) reduces psychological distress through preventive teaching and care.

Methods And Analysis: Children aged 2-5 years in Bavaria, Germany, will be tested for the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pre-type 1 diabetes and its association with disease progression.

Aims/hypothesis: Vitamin D deficiency is common in people with type 1 diabetes, but its role in disease progression is unclear. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in prediabetes (defined as the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies), and investigate whether or not progression to type 1 diabetes is faster in children with vitamin D deficiency and multiple islet autoantibodies.

Methods: Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured in 108 children with multiple islet autoantibodies within 2 years of islet autoantibody seroconversion, in 406 children who remained islet autoantibody-negative and in 244 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Evaluating the diet of children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: first results from the TEENDIAB study.

Objective: The development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is potentially influenced by nutrition. The aim of our study was to assess food and nutrient intakes of children at increased risk of T1D.

Design: Dietary intake of the last 4 weeks was assessed using a diet history interview.

Continuous rise of insulin resistance before and after the onset of puberty in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes - a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Insulin resistance has been postulated to be linked to the frequent onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) during puberty. Very few studies have investigated the time course of insulin resistance in childhood. To address the question of how insulin resistance develops with age and how this is related to puberty onset, we examined insulin resistance and pubertal development over time in children at increased risk for T1D.

Lack of association of type 2 diabetes susceptibility genotypes and body weight on the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To investigate whether type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes and body weight influence the development of islet autoantibodies and the rate of progression to type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes CDKAL1, CDKN2A/2B, FTO, HHEX-IDE, HMGA2, IGF2BP2, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, MTNR1B, PPARG, SLC30A8 and TCF7L2 was obtained in 1350 children from parents with type 1 diabetes participating in the BABYDIAB study. Children were prospectively followed from birth for islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes.

Antibody persistence ten years after first and second doses of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and immunogenicity and safety of second and third doses in older adults.

In a study of older adults, first and second doses of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PN23) induced IgG increases for all 8 vaccine serotypes tested. Participants (N=143, mean age 76 years) were re-enrolled to study antibody levels after ten years, and safety and immunogenicity of another PN23 dose. Ten years after first or second doses, mean IgG concentrations exceeded vaccine-naïve levels for 7 of 8 serotypes tested.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides for the PNEUMOVAX 23 vaccine: assay operating characteristics and correlation to the WHO international assay.

The Merck pneumococcal (Pn) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for measuring antibodies to 12 serotypes (serotypes 1, 3, 4, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 12F, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) were validated in 1999. Merck Laboratories developed the Pn assays using 10 microg/ml C polysaccharide, 100 microg/ml Pn polysaccharide (PnPs) 25, and 100 microg/ml PnPs 72 for preadsorption of samples, standards, and controls in order to improve the specificity to the Pn serotypes in the vaccine. The Pn assays utilize postimmunization sera obtained from subjects immunized with PNEUMOVAX 23 as standards for measuring immunoglobulin G concentrations in sera obtained from vaccine clinical trials with adults and infants.