An open-label phase II trial of sotrovimab (VIR-7831) prophylaxis against COVID-19 infection in immunocompromised individuals with impaired SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity.

Background: Immunocompromised individuals have a limited humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Sotrovimab is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting a conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitope.

Methods: This phase II open-label study evaluated the safety and tolerability of sotrovimab pre-exposure prophylaxis in immunocompromised adults with impaired vaccine response.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: A new frontier or simple rebranding?

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is an emerging framework proposed by the American Heart Association for management of patients with cardio-metabolic multimorbidity. This novel framework offers several improvements over existing paradigms; however, it remains unclear whether it represents a new frontier, or a simple rebranding of known clinical principles.

National evidence on glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes from 62 low- and middle-income countries.

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Yet, it remains unknown which glucose-lowering medication types people with diabetes across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use. In this cross-sectional analysis, we pooled nationally representative data of 223,283 adults aged ≥25 years in 62 LMICs from 2009 to 2019.

The impact of the PEPFAR funding freeze on HIV deaths and infections: a mathematical modelling study of seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: On January 24, 2025, the United States government issued an executive order to freeze all foreign aid programs, including The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), for 90 days. A limited waiver option became available, but its implementation remains incomplete. We estimated the impact of these policy changes on HIV deaths and new infections in seven sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries-Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe -, which together account for about half of all people living with HIV in SSA.

Left behind? A longitudinal analysis of need for PrEP services among middle-aged and older adults in South Africa.

Introduction: Despite 1.3 million cumulative Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiations in South Africa, 150,000+ people newly acquire HIV every year. A significant proportion of these are middle-aged adults, a population not previously prioritized for PrEP.

REPRIEVE final results: What does it mean for guidelines in low- and middle-income countries?

Introduction: The REPRIEVE study demonstrated significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with pitavastatin among people living with HIV (PWH) with low to moderate cardiovascular risk. Most MACE events occurred in higher-income countries, raising important considerations for similar primary prevention interventions within HIV programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as antiretrovirals become safer and as PWH age.

Discussion: Limited data from Africa and within REPRIEVE suggests that MACE may not be as prevalent among PWH as within other geographies.

Cardiovascular risk management in adults with diagnosed diabetes in Mexico from 2016-2023: A retrospective analysis of nationally representative surveys.

Background: Effective cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management is a cornerstone of optimal diabetes care. Here, we estimated the prevalence and determinants of CVD risk factor control amongst individuals with diagnosed diabetes in Mexico.

Methods: We analyzed data from individuals with diagnosed diabetes ≥20 years from the 2016-2023 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys.

Diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the USA: a population-based study of longitudinal aging cohorts.

Objective: There is a need for comparable worldwide data on the impact of diabetes on mortality. This study assessed diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in five countries.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed adults aged 51 years or older followed between 2010 and 2020 from population-based cohorts from China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the USA.

Real-world smartphone-based point-of-care diagnostics in primary health care to monitor HbA1c levels in people with diabetes.

Background: The lack of accurate and affordable monitoring of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a common issue among patients with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to test a tablet- and smartphone-based point-of-care (TSB POC) device against a local laboratory-based measure of HbA1c for monitoring diabetes under real-world conditions.

Methods: For this cross-sectional clinical method applicability study, capillary and venous blood was collected in duplicate and analyzed at local primary health care centers.

Type II diabetes and cognitive function among older adults in India and China-results from Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol studies.

Objective: Type II diabetes is a recognized risk factor of declining cognitive function in high-income countries. However, there is limited research on this association across low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to examine and compare the relationship between type II diabetes and cognition amongst adults aged 60 years and older for two of the largest LMICs: India and China.

Associations of HIV and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of obesity in South Africa.

Background: It is unclear how rising obesity among people with HIV (PWH) impacts their risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We examined associations between HIV, prevalent diabetes and adiposity among South African PWH and their peers without HIV (PWOH).

Methods: HIV status was ascertained by antibody testing.

Diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the United States: A population-based study of longitudinal aging cohorts.

Objective: There is a need for comparable worldwide data on the impact of diabetes on mortality. This study assessed diabetes and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in five countries.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed adults aged 51 years or older followed between 2010 and 2020 from population-based cohorts in China, England, Mexico, rural South Africa, and the United States.

Diabetes as a risk factor for tuberculosis disease.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is amongst the leading causes of death from an infectious disease, with an estimated 1.3 million deaths from TB in 2022. Approximately 25% of the global population is estimated to be infected with the TB bacterium, giving rise to 10.

Prior tuberculosis, radiographic lung abnormalities and prevalent diabetes in rural South Africa.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation caused by tuberculosis (TB) may increase the incidence of diabetes. However, the relationship between post-TB pulmonary abnormalities and diabetes has not been well characterized.

Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, of people 15 years and older who underwent chest X-ray and diabetes screening with hemoglobin A1c testing.