The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities: phase 4 (CEPEF4) - a worldwide observational, prospective, multicentre cohort study in 2025.

Objective: To report on the Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities 4 (CEPEF4).

Study Design: Confidential, observational, prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Animals: 47,396 horses/ponies undergoing general anaesthesia (GA).

Error management in large data sets: A critical component of data collection in veterinary medicine.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of a webpage incorporating a real-time error management system for the Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities 4 (CEPEF4).

Study Design: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study.

Animals: Data sets from 48,075 general anaesthetics and 12,453 standing sedations.

Opening injection pressure monitoring using an in-line device does not prevent intraneural injection in an isolated nerve model.

Background: Injection pressure monitoring using in-line devices is affordable and easy to implement into a regional anesthesia practice. However, solid evidence regarding their performance is lacking. We aimed to evaluate if opening injection pressure (OIP), measured with a disposable in-line pressure monitor, can prevent intraneural (subepineural) injection using 15 pound per square inch (PSI) as the reference safety threshold.