Automatic detection and characterization of maturational neurobiomarkers identified as nested oscillations in premature newborns using high-density electroencephalography.

Neural development leads to the evolution of electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics during the third trimester of gestation. Theta activity in coalescence with slow waves (TA-SW) and delta brushes (DB) are key clinical neurobiomarkers in the evaluation of neurodevelopment in infants prior to full-term gestation. Both neurobiomarkers exhibit nested oscillations, a key feature of intrinsic spontaneous oscillatory activity, allowing the investigation of neural interaction development in the underlying circuits.

Rhythm in the Premature Neonate Brain: Very Early Processing of Auditory Beat and Meter.

The ability to extract rhythmic structure is important for the development of language, music, and social communication. Although previous studies show infants' brains entrain to the periodicities of auditory rhythms and even different metrical interpretations (e.g.

Preterm neonates distinguish rhythm violation through a hierarchy of cortical processing.

Rhythm is a fundamental component of the auditory world, present even during the prenatal life. While there is evidence that some auditory capacities are already present before birth, whether and how the premature neural networks process auditory rhythm is yet not known. We investigated the neural response of premature neonates at 30-34 weeks gestational age to violations from rhythmic regularities in an auditory sequence using high-resolution electroencephalography and event-related potentials.

Evolution of cross-frequency coupling between endogenous oscillations over the temporal cortex in very premature neonates.

Temporal theta activity in coalescence with slow-wave (TTA-SW) is one of the first neurobiomarkers of the neurodevelopment of perisylvian networks in the electroencephalography (EEG). Dynamic changes in the microstructure and activity within neural networks are reflected in the EEG. Slow oscillation slope can reflect synaptic strength, and cross-frequency coupling (CFC), associated with several putative functions in adults, can reflect neural communication.

Design of a noninvasive and smart hand tremor attenuation system with active control: a simulation study.

This paper presents the design and simulation of a handheld device for people with hand tremor, such as Parkinson's and essential tremor patients. This device can be used as a pen for smartphones or as a spoon. The designed system includes two links, which are connected to two servomotors, which are mounted in orthogonal directions.

Experimental investigation of NIRS spatial sensitivity.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is regarded as a potential medical diagnostic technique for investigation of hemodynamic changes. However, uncertainties pertaining to the origin of NIRS signals have hampered its clinical interpretation. The uncertainities in NIRS measurements especially in case of living tissues are due to lack of rigorous combined theoretical-experimental studies resulting in clear understanding of the origin of NIRS signals.