Evaluating the Effects of Imiquimod on Paths of TLRs and Inflammatory Cytokines Signaling in Infected Macrophages with in Vitro and in Vivo.

Background: is an obligate and intracellular pathogen and the macrophages are the cell hosts for . Imiquimod stimulates macrophages to secrete different cytokines via the expression of TLRs.

Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, in 2018.

Evaluation of Morphine with Imiquimod as Opioid Growth Factor Receptor or Nalmefene as Opioid Blocking Drug on Leishmaniasis Caused by in Vitro.

Background: In this research, the effect of morphine on promastigotes and amastigotes of has been investigated in the presence of nalmefene as a blocking opioid drug and imiquimod as an opioid growth factor receptor.

Methods: This study was conducted at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran in 2015-2018. Morphine with different concentration (0.