Neuroimmunology in ageing and longevity: a special collection issue of Biogerontology.

Ageing is associated with neuroimmune shifts from a resting to a hyperactive and inflammatory state, termed 'Neuroinflammageing', attributed to microglial priming, hyperactive astrocytes, cytokine and chemokine release, blood brain barrier leakage, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. This special issue of Biogerontology on 'Neuroimmunology in Ageing and Longevity' brings together 11 reviews and original research papers dealing with the complex cross-talk between CNS and peripheral immune cells and molecules in the context of ageing. The articles compiled under this issue further address how understanding neuroimmune pathways may help to identify targets to design interventional regimens for healthy brain ageing and longevity.

Partial hydrolyzed protein as an alternative stabilizer for peanut () butter.

Peanut protein hydrolysates with varying degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were prepared by using Alcalase and Flavourzyme. The enzymatic hydrolysis highly influenced a transformation of protein secondary structures, particularly from β-sheet to β-turn structures (11-21 %). The DH impacted functional properties and anti-free radicals' activity of peanut protein hydrolysates.

Ni induced high ferromagnetic ordering and dielectric relaxation phenomena in KBiFeO brownmillerite.

This work primarily focuses on the high ferromagnetic ordering and dielectric relaxation mechanism in KBiFeO brownmillerite owing to the substitutions of Ni, which is otherwise a canted antiferromagnetic system. A nominal composition of KBiFeNiO ( = 0, 0.025, 0.

A safer bet for MitraClip: Choosing between single antiplatelet therapy and dual antiplatelet therapy.

Background: Optimal antithrombotic therapy after mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) remains uncertain.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) versus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in mitral TEER recipients.

Methods: We retrospectively queried the TriNetX Global Network, identifying 3325 adult patients who underwent mitral TEER, excluding those with recent coronary or aortic interventions and prior major bleeding or stroke.

An after-action review of COVID-19 cases and mitigation measures at US Mission India, March 2020-July 2021.

Between March 2020-June 2021, over 30 million COVID-19 cases were reported in India. We described the COVID-19 response across the US Mission India (US Embassy New Delhi, US Consulates - Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Kolkata) to use the learnings for a possible future pandemic. We reviewed COVID-19 mitigation activities at five US Mission India posts from March 2020-July 2021.

Unraveling the adsorption potential of Zr dithiol (MOF-DSH) through experimentation and neural network modeling.

In this study, an aqueous-stable metal-organic framework with two thiol groups was synthesized using Zr as the metal centre and dimercaptosuccinic acid as the ligand through a conventional heating method for the removal of Cd(ii) from aqueous solution. Different characterization tools, including XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM, TGA, and XPS, were employed. XRD results showed a characteristic pattern of a hexa-cluster, which was in agreement with the simulated MOF-801, and the corresponding vibrational peaks were observed in the FT-IR spectra.

Clinical and Biochemical Markers in Early Pregnancy for Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of feto-maternal and neonatal complications. Many of these complications can be reduced or eliminated, if GDM can be predicted in early pregnancy. Current risk prediction models lack a strong predictive value.

Generation and Characterization of Human iPSC-Derived Astrocytes with Potential for Modeling X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Phenotypes.

X-adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding the peroxisomal ABC transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Similar mutations in ABCD1 may result in a spectrum of phenotypes in males with slow progressing adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and fatal cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) dominating most cases. Mouse models of X-ALD do not capture the phenotype differences and an appropriate model to investigate the mechanism of disease onset and progress remains a critical need.

Association of Surgical Debridement Timings With Infection and Non-union Rates in Open Fractures of Lower Limb Long Bones.

Background: Open fractures are one of the orthopaedic conditions that require urgent surgical intervention. Managing these fractures remains challenging for orthopaedic surgeons due to the need to transfer polytrauma patients to hospitals with advanced capabilities. Further delays may occur as resuscitative life-saving measures take precedence.

A 13-year nationwide analysis of outcomes of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in post-bariatric surgery patients.

Background: Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a common cause of hospitalization and associated morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery is a widely performed category of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery that attempts to induce weight loss by reconstructing the upper GI tract. Bleeding is a common complication of bariatric surgery; however, limited research exists on outcomes for these patients when admitted for NVUGIB compared to those without a history of bariatric surgery.

Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Patients With and Without a History of Liver Transplant.

Background: Liver transplant (LT) patients face various challenges, including an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) for a variety of reasons, with 70% of LT recipients having one cardiovascular event. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains one of the most commonly performed major surgical procedures in the United States, with 20-30% of LT patients requiring a CABG. Many studies have analyzed when to perform a CABG and CAD workup pre-LT, but this population remains a problem.

Impact of Obesity on Outcome for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients From 2008 Through 2020.

The incidence and prevalence of obesity have been rising in the U.S. It is known to affect the course and treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders.

Pancreatic Tail Cyst Causing Hydronephrosis.

Pancreatic cysts are abnormal masses found in the pancreas. They are either cancerous or benign and are mostly found incidentally on imaging. The majority are asymptomatic, but these cysts can sometimes become so large that they obstruct the function of structures around them.

A Benign Finding of Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis.

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis is a rare cause of hypovolemic shock. It presents as silent bleeding, with signs of hypovolemic shock and abdominal pain eventually culminating in life-threatening bleeding. This case study delves into a case of hemorrhagic pancreatitis in a 49-year-old male.

Nuclear instance segmentation and tracking for preimplantation mouse embryos.

For investigations into fate specification and morphogenesis in time-lapse images of preimplantation embryos, automated 3D instance segmentation and tracking of nuclei are invaluable. Low signal-to-noise ratio, high voxel anisotropy, high nuclear density, and variable nuclear shapes can limit the performance of segmentation methods, while tracking is complicated by cell divisions, low frame rates, and sample movements. Supervised machine learning approaches can radically improve segmentation accuracy and enable easier tracking, but they often require large amounts of annotated 3D data.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are crucial for immune system evasion in cancer. They accumulate in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment, suppressing immune cells like T-cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. They promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by secreting cytokines and growth factors and contribute to a tumor-promoting environment.

Pathophysiology of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Updates on Molecular Mechanisms.

X-ALD, an inherited monogenic metabolic disorder affecting the CNS and adrenal white matter, is caused by mutations in ABCD1 gene leading to defective fatty acid oxidation in the peroxisomes. This results in accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids, VLCFA, into brain, spinal cord, and body fluids. A single ABCD1mutation does not clearly explain the severity and diverse clinical spectrum of X-ALD phenotypes which suggests that not only genetic but also other modifier genes, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors play a role and contribute to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress, and metabolic defects seen in phenotypes of ALD.

A hybrid effective medium description for nanoporous gold films and thickness-mediated control of optical absorption.

With the increasing demand for sensing platforms operating across UV, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths, nanoporous gold has emerged as an ideal substrate for rapid, quantitative detection of analytes with excellent specificity and high sensitivity. This study investigates thickness-mediated compositional changes and their impact on scattering characteristics of thin nanoporous gold films fabricated using selective chemical etching. Specifically, we observe thickness-induced morphological and structural changes across different fabricated samples from 25 to 100 nm in thickness.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Osteoarthritic Patients.

Background The knee is the joint most commonly affected by osteoarthritis, more than any other. Osteoarthritis is a progressive, long-term condition that leads to the deterioration of joint tissue and cartilage, resulting in pain and impairment. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful intervention that improves functional capability, decreases pain, and enhances quality of life.

Protein Nutrition: Understanding Structure, Digestibility, and Bioavailability for Optimal Health.

This review discusses different protein sources and their role in human nutrition, focusing on their structure, digestibility, and bioavailability. Plant-based proteins, such as those found in legumes, nuts, and seeds, may contain anti-nutritional factors that impact their bioavailability apart from structural and compositional differences from animal proteins. Animal proteins are generally highly digestible and nutritionally superior to plant proteins, with higher amino acid bioavailability.

Generating human AMN and cALD iPSC-derived astrocytes with potential for modeling X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy phenotypes.

X-adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding the peroxisomal ABC transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Similar mutations in ABCD1 may result in a spectrum of phenotypes in males with slow progressing adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and fatal cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) dominating the majority of cases. Mouse model of X-ALD does not capture the phenotype differences and an appropriate model to investigate mechanism of disease onset and progress remains a critical need.

Trace Analysis of CFN Insulating Gas Mixtures by Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography.

2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl) propanenitrile (CFN) is being researched as an alternative to sulfur hexafluoride (SF) for applications in gas-insulated switchgear. We independently assessed the effectiveness of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a novel method of feedback-assisted multipass cavity spontaneous Raman spectroscopy (SRS) for the trace quantification of impurities in CFN and its related byproducts. A total of 14 gases were identified with estimated concentrations as low as 20 ppm (ppm) for CF using GC-MS and 7.

Nanopatterning Induced Si Doping in Amorphous GaO for Enhanced Electrical Properties and Ultra-Fast Photodetection.

GaO has emerged as a promising material for the wide-bandgap industry aiming at devices beyond the limits of conventional silicon. Amorphous GaO is widely being used for flexible electronics, but suffers from very high resistivity. Conventional methods of doping like ion implantation require high temperatures post-processing, thereby limiting their use.

Deep Earth Chronicles: High-Pressure Investigation of Phenakite Mineral BeSiO.

Beryllium silicate, recognized as the mineral phenakite (BeSiO), is a prevalent constituent in Earth's upper mantle. This study employs density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the structural, mechanical, dynamical, thermodynamic, and electronic characteristics of this compound under both ambient and high-pressure conditions. Under ideal conditions, the DFT calculations align closely with experimental findings, confirming the mechanical and dynamical stability of the crystalline structure.

Impact of Obesity on Outcomes Associated With Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis.

The incidence and prevalence of obesity have been rising in the United States, negatively impacting the population's overall health. This study seeks to better understand the impact of obesity on patients presenting with acute alcoholic pancreatitis (AAP). Data collected using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the fourth quarter of 2015 to 2019 with a principal diagnosis of AAP and secondary obesity were analyzed.