Post acquisition 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD386088 administration impairs consolidation of a spatial discrimination in mice.

The serotonergic system has been known to play an important role in acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of memories. Specific serotonin (5-HT) receptor modulation can effectively impact the consolidation of these memories. Determining how specific 5-HT receptor modulation can impact consolidation of spatial memories has been examined, although the 5-HT6 receptor has not been a focus of such studies.

Intermediate filament dysregulation in astrocytes in the human disease model of mutation in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN).

Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) is a pediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations. encodes gigaxonin, which regulates intermediate filament (IF) turnover. Previous neuropathological studies and examination of postmortem brain tissue in the current study revealed involvement of astrocytes in GAN.

Intermediate filament dysregulation and astrocytopathy in the human disease model of mutation in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN).

Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) is a pediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations. encodes gigaxonin, a regulator of intermediate filament (IF) protein turnover. Previous neuropathological studies and our own examination of postmortem GAN brain tissue in the current study revealed astrocyte involvement in GAN.

Chronic kidney disease emerging trends in children and what to do about it.

Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem associated with increased health costs, morbidity, and mortality. There is a 30-fold higher mortality rate and severely impaired quality of life in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), requiring dialysis or kidney transplant compared to the aged-match general population. The early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CKD can reverse, delay or prevent progression to advanced kidney disease.

Effects of the serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist CP 94253 on the locomotor activity and body temperature of preweanling and adult male and female rats.

Serotonin 5-HT receptor agonists increase locomotor activity of both preweanling and adult rodents. The part played by the 5-HT receptor in locomotion is less certain, with preliminary evidence suggesting that the actions of 5-HT receptor agonists are not uniform across ontogeny. To more fully examine the role of 5-HT receptors, locomotor activity and axillary temperatures of preweanling and adult male and female rats was assessed.

Reciprocal cross-sensitization between cocaine and RU 24969 in male and female preweanling rats.

Neuronal adaptations involving dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems are responsible for behavioral sensitization. Because of common underlying mechanisms, cross-sensitization between compounds of different drug classes can be observed. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a one- or four-day pretreatment regimen of RU 24969 (a 5-HT receptor agonist) would reciprocally cross-sensitize with cocaine or methamphetamine in male and female preweanling rats.

Importance of dopaminergic neurotransmission for the RU 24969-induced locomotor activity of male and female rats during the preweanling period.

There is disagreement about whether the locomotor activity produced by serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists is ultimately mediated through a dopaminergic mechanism or is independent of dopamine (DA) system functioning. Using a developing rat model, we examined whether DA neurotransmission is necessary for the locomotor activity produced by 5-HT receptor stimulation. Depending on experiment, male and female preweanling rats were pretreated with vehicle, the monoamine-depleting agent reserpine, the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (PCPA), the DA synthesis inhibitor ∝-methyl-DL-p-tyrosine (AMPT), or the D1 and D2 receptor antagonists SCH 23390 and raclopride, respectively.

Serotonin 5-HT and 5-HT receptors co-mediate the RU 24969-induced locomotor activity of male and female preweanling rats.

The serotonin (5-HT) agonist RU 24969 robustly increases the locomotor activity of adult male rats and mice; however, studies using selective antagonists alternately report that 5-HT, 5-HT, or both receptor types mediate RU 24969's locomotor activating effects. The purpose of the present study was to extend these past findings by administering a selective 5-HT agonist and/or antagonists to male and female preweanling rats. This age group was tested because younger rats often exhibit psychopharmacological responses that are quantitatively or qualitatively different from adult rats.

Site-specific phosphorylation and caspase cleavage of GFAP are new markers of Alexander disease severity.

Alexander disease (AxD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which supports the structural integrity of astrocytes. Over 70 GFAP missense mutations cause AxD, but the mechanism linking different mutations to disease-relevant phenotypes remains unknown. We used AxD patient brain tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes to investigate the hypothesis that AxD-causing mutations perturb key post-translational modifications (PTMs) on GFAP.

Effects of dopamine and serotonin synthesis inhibitors on the ketamine-, d-amphetamine-, and cocaine-induced locomotor activity of preweanling and adolescent rats: sex differences.

The pattern of ketamine-induced locomotor activity varies substantially across ontogeny and according to sex. Although ketamine is classified as an NMDA channel blocker, it appears to stimulate the locomotor activity of both male and female rats via a monoaminergic mechanism. To more precisely determine the neural mechanisms underlying ketamine's actions, male and female preweanling and adolescent rats were pretreated with vehicle, the dopamine (DA) synthesis inhibitor ∝-methyl--p-tyrosine (AMPT), or the serotonin (5-HT) synthesis inhibitor 4-chloro--phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (PCPA).

Conserved transcriptional activity and ligand responsiveness of avian PPARs: Potential role in regulating lipid metabolism in mirgratory birds.

Migratory birds undergo metabolic remodeling in tissues, including increased lipid storage in white adipose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle, to optimize energy substrate availability and utilization in preparation for long-distance flight. Different tissues undergo gene expression changes in keeping with their specialized functions and driven by tissue specific transcriptional pathways. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are lipid-activated nuclear receptors that regulate metabolic pathways involved in lipid and glucose utilization or storage in mammals.