Engraftment of a surrogate antigen onto tumor cell surface via pHLIP peptide to universally target CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors.

CAR-T cells and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are immunotherapeutics that have shown efficacies against certain malignancies. However, their broad application is hindered by the scarcity of tumor-associated antigens on tumor cell surfaces. Previous investigations unveiled the unique capacity of pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) to anchor to plasma membranes under acidic conditions.