Widespread habitat loss and redistribution of marine top predators in a changing ocean.

The Northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico are among the fastest warming ocean regions, a trend that is expected to continue through this century with far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems. We examine the distribution of 12 highly migratory top predator species using predictive models and project expected habitat changes using downscaled climate models. Our models predict widespread losses of suitable habitat for most species, concurrent with substantial northward displacement of core habitats >500 km.

Building use-inspired species distribution models: Using multiple data types to examine and improve model performance.

Species distribution models (SDMs) are becoming an important tool for marine conservation and management. Yet while there is an increasing diversity and volume of marine biodiversity data for training SDMs, little practical guidance is available on how to leverage distinct data types to build robust models. We explored the effect of different data types on the fit, performance and predictive ability of SDMs by comparing models trained with four data types for a heavily exploited pelagic fish, the blue shark (Prionace glauca), in the Northwest Atlantic: two fishery dependent (conventional mark-recapture tags, fisheries observer records) and two fishery independent (satellite-linked electronic tags, pop-up archival tags).

Bottom marine heatwaves along the continental shelves of North America.

Recently, there has been substantial effort to understand the fundamental characteristics of warm ocean temperature extremes-known as marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, MHW research has primarily focused on the surface signature of these events. While surface MHWs (SMHW) can have dramatic impacts on marine ecosystems, extreme warming along the seafloor can also have significant biological outcomes.

Thermal displacement by marine heatwaves.

Marine heatwaves (MHWs)-discrete but prolonged periods of anomalously warm ocean temperatures-can drastically alter ocean ecosystems, with profound ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Considerable effort has been directed at understanding the patterns, drivers and trends of MHWs globally. Typically, MHWs are characterized on the basis of their intensity and persistence at a given location-an approach that is particularly relevant for corals and other sessile organisms that must endure increased temperatures.

Comparing and synthesizing quantitative distribution models and qualitative vulnerability assessments to project marine species distributions under climate change.

Species distribution shifts are a widely reported biological consequence of climate-driven warming across marine ecosystems, creating ecological and social challenges. To meet these challenges and inform management decisions, we need accurate projections of species distributions. Quantitative species distribution models (SDMs) are routinely used to make these projections, while qualitative climate change vulnerability assessments are becoming more common.

Challenges to natural and human communities from surprising ocean temperatures.

The community of species, human institutions, and human activities at a given location have been shaped by historical conditions (both mean and variability) at that location. Anthropogenic climate change is now adding strong trends on top of existing natural variability. These trends elevate the frequency of "surprises"-conditions that are unexpected based on recent history.

Climate vulnerability and resilience in the most valuable North American fishery.

Managing natural resources in an era of increasing climate impacts requires accounting for the synergistic effects of climate, ecosystem changes, and harvesting on resource productivity. Coincident with recent exceptional warming of the northwest Atlantic Ocean and removal of large predatory fish, the American lobster has become the most valuable fishery resource in North America. Using a model that links ocean temperature, predator density, and fishing to population productivity, we show that harvester-driven conservation efforts to protect large lobsters prepared the Gulf of Maine lobster fishery to capitalize on favorable ecosystem conditions, resulting in the record-breaking landings recently observed in the region.

Overview of a co-curricular professional development program in a college of pharmacy.

The goal of a professional program at a school or college of pharmacy is to produce competent and professional pharmacy practitioners. In 2009, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy published a white paper to assist in the teaching of professionalism in schools/colleges of pharmacy to include traits such as responsibility, commitment to excellence, respect for others, honesty and integrity, and care with compassion. In February 2015, the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education released their updated accreditation standards (Standards 2016) which introduced the concept of co-curricular activities (Standard 12.

Response to Comments on "Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery".

Palmer et al and Swain et al suggest that our "extra mortality" time series is spurious. In response, we show that including temperature-dependent mortality improves abundance estimates and that warming waters reduce growth rates in Gulf of Maine cod. Far from being spurious, temperature effects on this stock are clear, and continuing to ignore them puts the stock in jeopardy.

A Vulnerability Assessment of Fish and Invertebrates to Climate Change on the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf.

Climate change and decadal variability are impacting marine fish and invertebrate species worldwide and these impacts will continue for the foreseeable future. Quantitative approaches have been developed to examine climate impacts on productivity, abundance, and distribution of various marine fish and invertebrate species. However, it is difficult to apply these approaches to large numbers of species owing to the lack of mechanistic understanding sufficient for quantitative analyses, as well as the lack of scientific infrastructure to support these more detailed studies.

Guidelines for improving entry into and retention in care and antiretroviral adherence for persons with HIV: evidence-based recommendations from an International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care panel.

Description: After HIV diagnosis, timely entry into HIV medical care and retention in that care are essential to the provision of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Adherence to ART is among the key determinants of successful HIV treatment outcome and is essential to minimize the emergence of drug resistance. The International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care convened a panel to develop evidence-based recommendations to optimize entry into and retention in care and ART adherence for people with HIV.

The Role of the Home Environment and Routinization in ART Adherence.

Previous research suggests that routinization of medication-taking behavior promotes antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. The current study explored the nature of medication-taking routines in the home environment, where medication is most often taken, to identify home-based cues for taking ART. Qualitative interviews were conducted in the homes of 31 HIV-positive adult males in the United States with varying levels of adherence problems.

The association between family history of mental disorder and delusional-like experiences: a general population study.

Recent studies have indicated that isolated delusional-like experiences (DLE) are common in the general population. Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that these experiences are more common in those with a family history of mental disorders. We had the opportunity to explore the association between family history of a wide range of mental disorders and DLE in an Australian general population survey.

Forecasting the dynamics of a coastal fishery species using a coupled climate--population model.

Marine fisheries management strives to maintain sustainable populations while allowing exploitation. However, well-intentioned management plans may not meet this balance as most do not include the effect of climate change. Ocean temperatures are expected to increase through the 21st century, which will have far-reaching and complex impacts on marine fisheries.

Interprofessional education in six US colleges of pharmacy.

Objective: To present and describe interprofessional education (IPE) in 6 US colleges of pharmacy including benefits, barriers, and strategies for implementation.

Methods: A focus group with campus faculty IPE leaders and administrators was conducted at each of the 6 colleges. External facilitators used a structured script with open-ended questions to guide each session.

Prospective study of topical testosterone gel (AndroGel) versus intramuscular testosterone in testosterone-deficient HIV-infected men.

Purpose: Testosterone replacement therapy via deep intramuscular injections causes extraphysiologic variations in serum testosterone concentrations. A topical transdermal testosterone gel formulation (AndroGel(R)) provides sustained physiologic concentrations of serum testosterone. The objective of this open-label switch study was to compare pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of delivery of daily testosterone gel versus intramuscular testosterone injection every 1 or 2 weeks in hypogonadal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men.

Serious renal impairment occurs rarely with use of tenofovir DF.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects (up to 6 months) of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) use on renal function in patients being treated for HIV-1 infection.

Method: The charts of 447 HIV-1-infected patients who received at least three months of tenofovir DF treatment were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, concurrent antiretrovirals, other concurrent medications, CD4 counts and HIV-1 viral loads, and serum creatinine values while on tenofovir DF.

Understanding and avoiding antiretroviral adverse events.

Unlabelled: To discuss prevention and management of adverse drug reactions which result from antiretroviral use in patients infected with HIV. There are four classes of antiretroviral agents used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Side effects to medications are common place and often difficult to avoid.

Simplifying the treatment of HIV infection with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in antiretroviral-experienced patients.

Purpose: The rationale, advantages, and disadvantages of attempting to enhance the efficacy of a primary protease inhibitor (PI) with ritonavir in the management of HIV infection, especially in patients who have previously undergone highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), are discussed.

Summary: PIs are pivotal components of the HAART regimens used to fight HIV infection. Long-term viral suppression remains a major clinical challenge.

Elevated ultraviolet-B radiation induces cross-protection to cold in leaves of Rhododendron under field conditions.

Previously, we have shown a cold-hardening response in Rhododendron 'English Roseum' exposed to elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) under growth chamber conditions. We have conducted the present study under field conditions to provide for a higher ratio of photosynthetically active radiation to UV-B (PAR:UV-B) than is possible in the laboratory and to more accurately reflect natural conditions of solar irradiance. Leaf disks taken after 3 months from UV-B-exposed plants exhibited a greater tolerance to freezing temperatures than those from control plants that received no supplemental UV-B exposure during this time.