Clinical and Molecular Advances on the Black Yeast .

is an emerging black yeast recognized in both superficial and life-threatening infections, including those in immunocompetent hosts. This narrative review focuses on recent developments (mostly between 2019 and 2025) in two major areas. First, we examined the clinical and epidemiological background of , with particular focus on its involvement in cystic fibrosis and CARD9 deficiency, as well as central nervous system, ocular, and systemic infections.

First report of increased amphotericin B resistance in Coniochaeta polymorpha isolates from Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus droppings in Spitsbergen.

The study examines Coniochaeta polymorpha strains isolated from reindeer droppings in Spitsbergen, focusing on their growth characteristics, antifungal resistance profiles, and enzymatic activities. Notably, all strains exhibited high resistance to fluconazole (MIC, 256 μg/mL), suggesting an inherent trait. Amphotericin B sensitivity varied, with some strains showing high MIC values, indicating emerging resistance.

Analysis of Polymorphisms in Lung Cancer Patients Using Novel, Quick and Easy Methods Based on CAPS and ACRS-PCR Techniques.

Within the sequence of the gene, more than 50 polymorphisms, resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been described. Some of them play an important role as specific genetic markers in the process of carcinogenesis and for therapeutic purposes. In this publication, we present methods we have developed that enable the specific and unambiguous identification of four polymorphisms that result in amino acid changes: c.

3-bromopyruvate induces morphological alteration and may initiate programmed cell death in Cryptococcus neoformans cells.

3-Bromopyruvate (3BP), known for its potent anticancer properties, also exhibits remarkable efficacy against the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. So far it has been proven that the main fungicidal activity of 3BP is based on ATP depletion and a reduction of intracellular level of glutathione. The presented study includes a broad range of methods to further investigate the mechanistic effects of 3BP on C.

Anticandidal Cu(I) complexes with neocuproine and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine based diphenylaminomethylphosphine: Is Cu-diimine moiety a pharmacophore?

The studies on metal complexes as potential antifungals are of growing interest because they may be the answer to increasingly effective defense mechanisms. Herein we present two new copper(I) iodide or thiocyanide complexes with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) and diphenylphosphine derivative of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (4MP): [CuI(dmp)4MP] (1-4MP) and [CuNCS(dmp)4MP] (2-4MP) - their synthesis, as well as structural and spectroscopic characteristics. Interestingly, while 4MP and its oxide derivative (4MOP) show a very low or no activity against all tested Candida albicans strains (MIC ≥ 200 μM against CAF2-1 - laboratory control strain, DSY1050 - mutant without transporters Cdr1, Cdr2, Mdr1; isogenic for CAF2-1, and fluconazole resistant clinical isolates), for 1-4MP and 2-4MP MIC values were 0.

The First Comprehensive Biodiversity Study of Culturable Fungal Communities Inhabiting Cryoconite Holes in the Werenskiold Glacier on Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago, Arctic).

Cryoconite holes on glacier surfaces are a source of cold-adapted microorganisms, but little is known about their fungal inhabitants. Here, we provide the first report of distinctive fungal communities in cryoconite holes in the Werenskiold Glacier on Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago, Arctic). Due to a combination of two incubation temperatures (7 °C and 24 ± 0.

A Culture-Based Study of Micromycetes Isolated from the Urban Nests of Grey Heron () in SW Poland.

There are many positive relationships between micromycetes and birds: They can spread fungal spores, and fungi facilitate cavity woodpecker excavation by preparing and modifying excavation sites. In turn, bird nests are mainly a source of potentially zoopathogenic fungi. The Wrocław city centre hosts the biggest grey heron breeding colony in Poland with at least 240 breeding birds pairs.

Antiadhesive Properties of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Based on (-)-Menthol Against spp.

Infections with spp. are commonly found in long-time denture wearers, and when under immunosuppression can lead to stomatitis. Imidazolium ionic liquids with an alkyl or alkyloxymethyl chain and a natural (1,2,5)-(-)-menthol substituent possess high antifungal and antiadhesive properties towards , , and .

Capric acid secreted by Saccharomyces boulardii influences the susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole and amphotericin B.

The effect of capric acid, secreted by the probiotic yeasts Saccharomyces boulardii, was evaluated on the activities of fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB) against pathogenic Candida albicans fungus. The findings indicated that capric acid may be a promising additive for use in combination with FLC. A FLC-capric acid combination led to reduced efflux activity of multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter Cdr1p by causing it to relocalize from the plasma membrane (PM) to the interior of the cell.

Fructose Induces Fluconazole Resistance in through Activation of Mdr1 and Cdr1 Transporters.

is a pathogenic fungus that is increasingly developing multidrug resistance (MDR), including resistance to azole drugs such as fluconazole (FLC). This is partially a result of the increased synthesis of membrane efflux transporters Cdr1p, Cdr2p, and Mdr1p. Although all these proteins can export FLC, only Cdr1p is expressed constitutively.

New anticandidal Cu(i) complexes with neocuproine and ketoconazole derived diphenyl(aminomethyl)phosphane: luminescence properties for detection in fungal cells.

The search for new antifungals is very important because the large genetic variation of pathogenic organisms has resulted in the development of increasingly effective defense mechanisms by microorganisms. Metal complexes as potential drugs are nowadays gaining interest, because they are characterized by accessible redox states of metal centers and a plethora of easily modifiable geometries. In this work we present two new copper(i) iodide or thiocyanide complexes with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) and a diphenylphosphane derivative of ketoconazole (KeP), where a ketoconazole acetyl group is replaced by the -CHPPh unit, [CuI(dmp)KeP] (1-KeP) and [CuNCS(dmp)KeP] (2-KeP) - their synthesis and structural characteristics.

Fluconazole and Lipopeptide Surfactin Interplay During Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall Remodeling Increases Fungal Immune System Exposure.

Recognizing the -glucan component of the cell wall is a necessary step involved in host immune system recognition. Compounds that result in exposed -glucan recognizable to the immune system could be valuable antifungal drugs. Antifungal development is especially important because fungi are becoming increasingly drug resistant.

Lipid composition and cell surface hydrophobicity of Candida albicans influence the efficacy of fluconazole-gentamicin treatment.

Adherence of the fungus, Candida albicans, to biotic (e.g. human tissues) and abiotic (e.

New diphenylphosphane derivatives of ketoconazole are promising antifungal agents.

Four new derivatives of ketoconazole (Ke) were synthesized: diphenylphosphane (KeP), and phosphane chalcogenides: oxide (KeOP), sulphide (KeSP) and selenide (KeSeP). These compounds proved to be promising antifungal compounds towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, especially in synergy with fluconazole. Simulations of docking to the cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (azoles' primary molecular target) proved that the new Ke derivatives are capable of inhibiting this enzyme by binding to the active site.

A Crucial Role for Ergosterol in Plasma Membrane Composition, Localisation, and Activity of Cdr1p and H-ATPase in .

is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. Treatment of infections relies on azoles, which target the lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Erg11p) encoded by the gene. Our results show that targeted gene disruption of can result in resistance to ergosterol-dependent drugs (azoles and amphotericin B), auxotrophy and aerobically viable cells.

Plasma Membrane Potential of Measured by Di-4-ANEPPS Fluorescence Depends on Growth Phase and Regulatory Factors.

The potential of the plasma membrane (Δѱ) regulates the electrochemical potential between the outer and inner sides of cell membranes. The opportunistic fungal pathogen, regulates the membrane potential in response to environmental conditions, as well as the physiological state of the cell. Here we demonstrate a new method for detection of cell membrane depolarization/permeabilization in using the potentiometric zwitterionic dye di-4-ANEPPS.

The influence of N and S poles of static magnetic field (SMF) on Candida albicans hyphal formation and antifungal activity of amphotericin B.

Due to the increasing number of Candida albicans' infections and the resistance of this pathogenic fungus to drugs, new therapeutic strategies are sought. One of such strategies may be the use of static magnetic field (SMF). C.

Reaction of bis[(2-chlorocarbonyl)phenyl] Diselenide with Phenols, Aminophenols, and Other Amines towards Diphenyl Diselenides with Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties.

A reaction of bis[(2-chlorocarbonyl)phenyl] diselenide with various mono and bisnucleophiles such as aminophenols, phenols, and amines have been studied as a convenient general route to a series of new antimicrobial and antiviral diphenyl diselenides. The compounds, particularly bis[2-(hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)]phenyl diselenides and reference benzisoselenazol-3(2)-ones, exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial species ( spp., spp.

Antifungal activity of ionic liquids based on (-)-menthol: a mechanism study.

The mechanism of toxicity of chiral ionic liquids with (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol [C-Am-Men][Cl] (n=10, 11 or 12) in the fungus Candida albicans is reported here. Ionic liquids were more toxic towards Candida strain lacking all identified multidrug resistance efflux pumps. Moreover, the compounds tested inhibited C.