Modelling oxygen delivery to spontaneously breathing individuals: improving oxygenation using a feedback controller.

This study employed a simulation approach to model oxygen delivery in spontaneously breathing patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Morozoff Model, originally designed for mechanically ventilated patients with a fixed fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), was adapted to incorporate the relationship between oxygen flow delivered through nasal cannula and FIO2, along with COPD-specific pathophysiological parameters. The effectiveness of constant and variable oxygen flow delivery was evaluated using a closed-loop control system with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller.

Statin adherence improves with age and subsequent treatment sequences: A retrospective cohort study using Proportion of Days Covered (PDC).

Background: Dyslipidaemia is a key risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), necessitating effective statin therapy. Despite statins' proven safety and efficacy, adherence remains suboptimal, with significant gaps between clinical practice and guideline recommendations.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analysed anonymized health administrative claims data from six employee health funds in the Czech Republic, covering approximately 40% of the insured population from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020.

Changes in the Success and Characteristics of Tobacco Dependence Treatment before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Sample Comparisons.

: There is little information on changes in the process and outcomes of intensive tobacco dependence treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following characteristics were evaluated: interest in treatment, the number of face-to-face or telephone follow-ups, the duration of pharmacotherapy use, and the success rate. The aim of our study was to compare the number of patients who entered tobacco dependence treatment programmes and evaluate the one-year success rate in patients three years before and three years after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of Leading Smartwatches for the Detection of Hypoxemia: Comparison to Reference Oximeter.

Although smartwatches are not considered medical devices, experimental validation of their accuracy in detecting hypoxemia is necessary due to their potential use in monitoring conditions manifested by a prolonged decrease in peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO), such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea syndrome, and COVID-19, or at high altitudes, e.g., during sport climbing, where the use of finger-sensor-based pulse oximeters may be limited.

Increasing prevalence of mental disorders in smokers seeking treatment of tobacco dependence: a retrospective observational study.

Background: There has been a noticeable relative increase in psychiatric comorbidities among smokers as opposed to the general population. This is likely due to comparatively slower decrease in smoking prevalence among individuals with mental health conditions. This study aims to assess the prevalence trend of past or current mental health disorders in individuals seeking specialized smoking cessation assistance.

Reducing the time delay of oxygen transport to the neonate on continuous positive airway pressure support: A bench study.

Background: Premature newborns often require oxygen support as part of their therapy. Systems for oxygen administration are developed to assure adequate oxygenation of newborns. Several factors were identified in the systems that contribute to the time delay between the change in the set inspiratory oxygen fraction and its actual delivery to tissues.

Commercial smartwatch with pulse oximeter detects short-time hypoxemia as well as standard medical-grade device: Validation study.

Objective: We investigated how a commercially available smartwatch that measures peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO) can detect hypoxemia compared to a medical-grade pulse oximeter.

Methods: We recruited 24 healthy participants. Each participant wore a smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 6) on the left wrist and a pulse oximeter sensor (Masimo Radical-7) on the left middle finger.

Tidal volume significantly affects oxygenation in healthy pigs during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared to conventional ventilation.

Background: The role of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has long been debated. Numerous studies documented its benefits, whereas several more recent studies did not prove superiority of HFOV over protective conventional mechanical ventilation (CV). One of the accepted explanations is that CV and HFOV act differently, including gas exchange.

Response time of indirectly accessed gas exchange depends on measurement method.

Noninvasive techniques are routinely used for assessment of tissue effects of lung ventilation. However, comprehensive studies of the response time of the methods are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the response time of noninvasive methods for monitoring of gas exchange to sudden changes in the composition of the inspired gas.

Models of PaO2 response to the continuous distending pressure maneuver during high frequency oscillatory ventilation in healthy and ARDS lung model pigs.

Unlabelled: Purpose/Aim : High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a method of ventilation that theoretically achieves the goals of lung protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. It is characterized by a rapid delivery of small tidal volumes at high frequencies oscillating around a continuous distending pressure (CDP). Optimization of CDP is not an easy task and it is titrated empirically in the clinical practice.

Design and control of a demand flow system assuring spontaneous breathing of a patient connected to an HFO ventilator.

Lung protective ventilation is intended to minimize the risk of ventilator induced lung injury and currently aimed at preservation of spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a lung protective ventilation strategy. Commonly used high-frequency oscillatory (HFO) ventilators, SensorMedics 3100, were not designed to tolerate spontaneous breathing.