Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a therapeutic target in neuro-oncology: A review.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors affect tens of thousands of patients each year, and there is a significant need for new treatments. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine implicated in multiple tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, vascularization, and immune evasion and is therefore a promising therapeutic target in primary CNS tumors. There are several MIF-directed treatments available, including small-molecule inhibitors, peptide drugs, and monoclonal antibodies.

Androgen loss weakens anti-tumor immunity and accelerates brain tumor growth.

Many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), have a male-biased sex difference in incidence and outcome. The underlying reasons for this sex bias are unclear but likely involve differences in tumor cell state and immune response. This effect is further amplified by sex hormones, including androgens, which have been shown to inhibit anti-tumor T cell immunity.

Emergency department visits following endoscopic skull base surgery: An opportunity for improvement.

Background: Readmissions are major healthcare expenditures, key hospital metrics, and are often preceded by an evaluation in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study was to analyze ED visits within 30 days of endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS), risk factors for readmission once in the ED, and ED-related evaluation and outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective review from January 2017 to December 2022 at a high-volume center of all ESBS patients who presented to the ED within 30 days of surgery.

Percutaneous Rhizotomy of the Gasserian Ganglion in Patients With Mass Lesion-Associated Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Series.

Background: Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to mass lesions are typically treated by directly addressing the underlying pathology. In cases of TN not alleviated by treatment of the pathology, percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) and glycerol rhizotomy (Gly) are simple and effective ways to alleviate pain. However, there is limited literature on the use of these techniques for patients with TN caused by mass lesions.

Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Spine: Incidence of Somatic Gene Alterations and Association of Targeted Therapies With Overall Survival.

Background: The increase in use of targeted systemic therapies in cancer treatments has catalyzed the importance of identifying patient- and tumor-specific somatic mutations, especially regarding metastatic disease. Mutations found to be most prevalent in patients with metastatic breast cancer include TP53, PI3K, and CDH1.

Objective: To determine the incidence of somatic mutations in patients with metastatic breast cancer to the spine (MBCS).

Immediate Titanium Mesh Cranioplasty After Debridement and Craniectomy for Postcraniotomy Surgical Site Infections and Risk Factors for Reoperation.

Background: We previously published a novel strategy for management of postcraniotomy bone flap infection consisting of single stage debridement, bone flap removal, and immediate titanium mesh cranioplasty.

Methods: Postcraniotomy patients with surgical site infections treated with surgical debridement, bone flap removal, and immediate titanium mesh cranioplasty were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome measure was reoperation due to persistent infection or wound healing complications from the titanium mesh.

The Current State of Visualization Techniques in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery.

Skull base surgery has undergone significant progress following key technological developments. From early candle-lit devices to the modern endoscope, refinements in visualization techniques have made endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) a standard practice for treating a variety of conditions. The endoscope has also been integrated with other technologies to enhance visualization, including fluorescence agents, intraoperative neuronavigation with augmented reality, and the exoscope.

Predictive Factors for Postoperative Opioid Use in Elective Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery.

Objective: In 2017, the United States opioid epidemic was declared a public health emergency. Increased efforts have been made to understand and reduce patient opioid use in neurosurgery. However, the factors associated with postoperative opioid use remain understudied in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS).