Advancing knowledge, maps and tools to address obesity and related socio-economic disparities in Europe: the OBCT project.

The steady rise in overweight and obesity in Europe disproportionately affects people and communities with a lower socio-economic position (SEP). Many obesity prevention approaches exist, but these have had limited reach and unsatisfactory effects thus far, especially in low-SEP populations. In this context, there is a need for implementation of effective individual-level and population-based preventive strategies that also tackle health inequalities.

Physical Activity and Life Expectancy Free of Cancer: Prospective Evidence From the UK Biobank Study.

Background: Life expectancy free of cancer (LEFC) is a novel measure that considers both morbidity and mortality and could be a useful metric for disease surveillance and risk communication. We aimed to examine the association between physical activity and LEFC in British adults.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 292,559 apparently healthy UK Biobank participants (mean [SD] age, 56.

Associations of adiposity and device-measured physical activity with cancer incidence: UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Background: High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk. Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear. We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of adiposity and device-measured physical activity levels of different intensities with cancer incidence and mortality.

Physical activity, sedentary time and health - a narrative review with new insights.

Physical activity and sedentary time are associated with multiple health outcomes, and benefits also extend to those living with chronic conditions. These observations are primarily based on data from studies in which self-reported data assessed physical activity. Recent data where physical activity and sedentary time are measured with devices suggest that the dose-response association between device-measured physical activity and risk of incident diseases and mortality is greater and observed at lower levels of physical activity than indicated by self-reported data.

Physical activity and life expectancy: a life-table analysis.

Objective: Low physical activity (PA) levels are associated with increased mortality. Improved measurement has resulted in stronger proven associations between PA and mortality, but this has not yet translated to improved estimates of the disease burden attributable to low PA. This study estimated how much low PA reduces life expectancy, and how much life expectancy could be improved by increasing PA levels for both populations and individuals.

Physical Activity Volume, Intensity, and Mortality: Harmonized Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Introduction: It is unclear whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with a lower mortality risk, over and above its contribution to total physical activity volume.

Methods: 46,682 adults (mean age: 64 years) were included in a meta-analysis of nine prospective cohort studies. Each cohort generated tertiles of accelerometry-measured physical activity volume and volume-adjusted MVPA.

Device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in the Nordic countries: A scoping review of population-based studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and describe the methodology and results from population-based studies of physical activity and sedentary time measured with devices in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and published in 2000 or later.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science in June 2023 using predefined search terms.

Results: Fourteen unique research projects or surveillance studies were identified.

Joint associations of device-measured physical activity and abdominal obesity with incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To examine the joint associations between physical activity and abdominal obesity with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

Methods: We included 70 830 UK Biobank participants (mean age±SD=61.6 ± 7.

Device-measured physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of all-cause mortality: an individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies.

Objectives: To examine whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) modifies the association between sedentary time and mortality and vice versa, and estimate the joint associations of MVPA and sedentary time on mortality risk.

Methods: This study involved individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies (Norway, Sweden, USA, baseline: 2003-2016, 11 989 participants ≥50 years, 50.5% women) with hip-accelerometry-measured physical activity and sedentary time.

Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes: Cross-country comparison of cohort studies.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the dose-response association and the minimal effective dose of leisure-time physical activity (PA) to prevent mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Cross-country comparison of 2 prospective cohort studies including 14,913 and 17,457 population-based adults with type 2 diabetes from the UK and China. Baseline leisure-time PA was self-reported and categorized by metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-h/week) according to World Health Organization recommendations: none, below recommendation (>0-7.

Dose-response associations, physical activity intensity and mortality risk: A narrative review.

Physical activity is consistently associated with reduced mortality, decreased risk for non-communicable diseases, and improved mental health in observational studies. Randomized controlled trials and observational Mendelian randomization studies support causal links between physical activity and health outcomes. However, the scarcity of evidence from randomized controlled trials, along with their inherent challenges like exposure contrasts, healthy volunteer biases, loss to follow-up, and limited real-world dose-response data, warrants a comprehensive approach.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Microvascular Complications in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A UK Biobank Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine dose-response associations, including the minimal effective level, between leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.

Research Design And Methods: This cohort study included 18,092 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was converted into MET-hours per week.

Body composition and mortality from middle to old age: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Background: How the association between adiposity and the risk of death changes with age, and which is the optimal level of adiposity to reduce mortality in older ages, is still not completely understood. We aimed to ascertain the age-specific risks of mortality associated with different measures of adiposity.

Methods: This was a prospective UK Biobank cohort study.

Accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviors in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study from the Danish nationwide DD2 cohort.

Introduction: Habitual physical activity behaviors of individuals with new-onset type 2 diabetes are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate accelerometer-derived physical activity behaviors in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. We also examined sociodemographic and health-related correlates of a high-risk physical activity profile.

Joint associations of physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index: A prospective study of mortality risk.

Device-measured physical activity and sedentary time are suggested to be more important determinants of all-cause mortality compared to body mass index (BMI) in mainly older adults. However, the joint associations of physical activity and sedentary time with BMI in relation to mortality risk in relatively healthy middle-aged individuals are unclear. We followed 770 adults (56% women, mean age 55.

Socioeconomic position, built environment and physical activity among children and adolescents: a systematic review of mediating and moderating effects.

Background: Physical activity behaviors among children and adolescents are socioeconomically patterned. Understanding if, and how, the built environment contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity and for whom built environments are most important, can lead to the identification of intervention entry points to reduce inequalities in physical activity.

Objective: To summarize the existing evidence among children and adolescents on (a) whether the built environment mediates the association between socioeconomic position and physical activity and (b) whether socioeconomic position moderates the association between the built environment and physical activity.

The metabolic syndrome is frequent in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls.

Objective: There is a rise in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in parallel with the rise in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of MetS in children and adolescents with T1D compared to their healthy counterparts.

Research Design And Methods: The study includes two Danish cohorts; (i) the Copenhagen cross sectional cohort 2016 of 277 children and adolescents with T1D that attend the pediatric outpatient clinic at a large hospital in greater Copenhagen and (ii) the CHAMPS-study DK which is a population-based cohort study of Danish children and adolescents (control cohort).

Device-measured sedentary time in Norwegian children and adolescents in the era of ubiquitous internet access: secular changes between 2005, 2011 and 2018.

Background: Access to screen-based media has been revolutionized during the past two decades. How this has affected sedentary time (ST) accumulation in children is poorly understood.

Methods: This study, based on the Physical Activity among Norwegian Children Study (PANCS), uses accelerometer data from population-based samples of 9- and 15-year-olds, collected in 2005 (n = 1722), 2011 (n = 1587) and 2018 (n = 1859).

Recommendations for Determining the Validity of Consumer Wearables and Smartphones for the Estimation of Energy Expenditure: Expert Statement and Checklist of the INTERLIVE Network.

Background: Consumer wearables and smartphone devices commonly offer an estimate of energy expenditure (EE) to assist in the objective monitoring of physical activity to the general population. Alongside consumers, healthcare professionals and researchers are seeking to utilise these devices for the monitoring of training and improving human health. However, the methods of validation and reporting of EE estimation in these devices lacks rigour, negatively impacting on the ability to make comparisons between devices and provide transparent accuracy.

Device-measured physical activity, adiposity and mortality: a harmonised meta-analysis of eight prospective cohort studies.

Background: The joint associations of total and intensity-specific physical activity with obesity in relation to all-cause mortality risk are unclear.

Methods: We included 34 492 adults (72% women, median age 62.1 years, 2034 deaths during follow-up) in a harmonised meta-analysis of eight population-based prospective cohort studies with mean follow-up ranging from 6.

Occupational physical activity and longevity in working men and women in Norway: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Studies suggest that high occupational physical activity increases mortality risk. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal or can be explained by a complex network of socioeconomic and behavioural factors. We aimed to examine the association between occupational physical activity and longevity, taking a complex network of confounding variables into account.

Fitness, Fatness, and Mortality in Men and Women From the UK Biobank: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness may moderate the association between obesity and all-cause mortality (ie, the "fat-but-fit" hypothesis), but unaddressed sources of bias are a concern. Methods and Results Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated as watts per kilogram from a submaximal bicycle test in 77 169 men and women from the UK Biobank cohort and combined with World Health Organization standard body mass index categories, yielding 9 unique fitness-fatness combinations. We also formed fitness-fatness combinations based on bioimpedance as a direct measure of body composition.

Stair climbing and mortality: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Background: Regular stair climbing has the potential to lower the risk of premature death, but current evidence is scarce. We aimed to examine whether daily stair climbing is associated with lower risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods: Using the UK Biobank cohort, we extracted information of self-reported daily flights of stairs climbed at home, categorized as none, 1 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, and ≥16 flights per day.