Synthesis of low molecular weight polyethylene imine-polyamidoamine hybrid and its modified derivatives as efficient nanocarriers for pDNA and CRISPR/Cas9 delivery.

A branched copolymer based on polyethylene imine (PEI) 1.8 kDa and the first generation of polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM G) was synthesized as a low toxicity nanocarrier. This hybrid material, designated here by GPEI, was used as a parent nanostructure for the next step to synthesize a series of new nanocarriers by attaching L-arginine (Arg), L-histidine (His), and heptafluorobutyric anhydride (F) on GPEI; in both cases of single modifier or in combination together.

Genetically engineered K562 cells augment NK cell cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia and reduce dependency on IL-15.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Enhancing natural killer (NK) cell functionality through artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) represents a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. This study evaluates the potential of genetically modified K562 cells, expressing CD137L and CD86, to enhance NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against AML cell lines (HL-60, KG-1, and THP-1).

Natural Killer Cells as Critical Modulators of Heart Disease: Exploring Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of the innate immune system and have emerged as significant players in the pathogenesis of heart diseases. This review discusses recent findings regarding the multifaceted roles of NK cells in various cardiac conditions, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, myocarditis, and heart transplantation. It outlines the NK cell subsets, particularly CD56-bright and CD56-dim variations, their functional characteristics, cytokine profiles, and the inflammatory pathways they are involved.

Metal-Coordinated Histidine-Functionalized Redox-Responsive Polyethyleneimine as a Smart Gene Delivery Vector.

Despite significant advancements in gene delivery and CRISPR technology, several challenges remain. Chief among these are overcoming serum inhibition and achieving high transfection efficiency with minimal cytotoxicity. To address these issues, there is a need for novel vectors that exhibit lower toxicity, maintain stability in serum-rich environments, and effectively deliver plasmids of various sizes across diverse cell types.

The mechanisms of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsing following chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy; the plausible future strategies.

Research has demonstrated the high mortality and morbidity associated with B-Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-ALL). Researchers have developed several therapeutic approaches to combat the disorder. Recently, researchers developed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-T cells, which recognize antigens independently of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and activate at a higher level with additional persistence.

Long non-coding RNA Knockdown Assisted by CRISPR/Cas9 in Female Cancer Cell Lines Increases Mir-143 .

Background: The lncRNAs has been linked to several malignancies, including breast cancer. Our objective was to investigate the impact of urothelial carcinoma associated 1 () on cellular growth and death by a CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown technique.

Methods: In 2020, the CHOPCHOP program was utilized to design two sgRNAs targeting the ne.

Generation of Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived From Dermal Fibroblast of Schizophrenic Patients.

Introduction: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder caused by environmental, social, and genetic factors. This phenomenon is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with a 1% worldwide prevalence. As SCZ is an exclusively human disorder, animal models cannot mimic SCZ pathophysiology.

Development of in situ forming autologous fibrin scaffold incorporating synthetic teriparatide peptide for bone tissue engineering.

Introduction: This study investigates the potential of an in-situ forming scaffold using a fibrin-based scaffold derived from autologous plasma combined with Synthetic Teriparatide (TP) for bone regeneration application. TP is known for its bone formation stimulation but has limited clinical use due to side effects. This autologous delivery system aims to provide precise, controlled, localized, and long-term release of TP for accelerating bone regeneration.

The Effects of Severe Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections on the Anti/Proapoptotic Molecules: A 6-Month Cohort Study.

The plausible effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the expression of anti/proapoptotic molecules have been suspected. This cohort study examined the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bid, Bak, and Bax molecules, the genes associated with induction or inhibition of apoptosis, in the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe and mild symptoms in an Iranian population. In this 6-month cohort study, the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bid, Bak, and Bax molecules was evaluated at onset of diagnosis, 24 h after symptom onset, and 6 months later in the nasopharyngeal cells of SARS-CoV-2-infected hospitalized patients and outpatients in comparison with healthy controls using the real-time PCR technique.

Novel neutralizing SARS-CoV-2-specific mAbs offer detection of RBD linear epitopes.

Background: To stop the spread of the COVID-19 disease, it is crucial to create molecular tools to investigate and diagnose COVID-19. Current efforts focus on developing specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs) elicited against the receptor-binding domain (RBD).

Methods: In the present study, recombinant RBD (rRBD) protein was produced in E.

Engineering chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells for targeted B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis model: An study.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that B cells and autoantibodies have a substantial role in the pathogenesis of Multiple sclerosis. T cells could be engineered to express chimeric autoantibody receptors (CAARs), which have an epitope of autoantigens in their extracellular domain acting as bait for trapping autoreactive B cells. This study aims to assess the function of designed CAAR T cells against B cell clones reactive to the myelin basic protein (MBP) autoantigen.

COVID-19 pandemic impact on screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review.

Introduction: The healthcare level has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the outbreak. This study aimed to review the impact of COVID-19 on the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).

Method: The current study was designed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020.

Quantitative measurement of CA 15-3 cancer biomarker using an electrochemical aptasensor based on the electrodeposition of Au thin film on cauliflower-like rGO-MoS nanocomposite.

The present research was conducted to design and construct an electrochemical aptasensor for evaluating carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) as a biomarker for breast cancer. The aptasensor has been fabricated by a gold thin film (AuTF) electrodeposited on a cauliflower-like reduced graphene oxide-molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite (rGO-MoS). The modified electrode's surface was used to immobilize the thiolated aptamer, which was subsequently treated with CA 15-3 antigen.

Effect of siRNA-mediated silencing of p53R2 gene on sensitivity of T-ALL cellsto Daunorubicin.

Introduction: p53R2 is a p53-inducible protein that, as one of the subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, plays an important role in providing dNTPs for DNA repair. Although p53R2 is associated with cancer progression, its role in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of p53R2 silencing on double-stranded DNA breaks, apoptosis and cell cycle of T-ALL cells treated with Daunorubicin.

Could artificial intelligence revolutionize the development of nanovectors for gene therapy and mRNA vaccines?

Gene therapy enables the introduction of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA into host cells, and is expected to revolutionize the treatment of a wide range of diseases. This growth has been further accelerated by the discovery of CRISPR/Cas technology, which allows accurate genomic editing in a broad range of cells and organisms . Despite many advances in gene delivery and the development of various viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors, the lack of highly efficient non-viral systems with low cellular toxicity remains a challenge.

Exosomal delivery of 7SK long non-coding RNA suppresses viability, proliferation, aggressiveness and tumorigenicity in triple negative breast cancer cells.

Aims: RN7SK (7SK), a highly conserved non-coding RNA, serves as a transcription regulator via interaction with a few proteins. Despite increasing evidences which support the cancer-promoting roles of 7SK-interacting proteins, limited reports address the direct link between 7SK and cancer. To test the hypothetic suppression of cancer by overexpression of 7SK, the effects of exosomal 7SK delivery on cancer phenotypes were studied.

Evaluation of Apoptosis, Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression by Inactivation of the NEAT1 Long Noncoding RNA in a Renal Carcinoma Cell Line Using CRISPR/Cas9.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cellular mechanisms including transcription, translation, and apoptosis. is one of the essential types of lncRNAs in humans that can bind to active genes and modify their transcription. upregulation in various forms of cancer such as kidney cancer has been reported.

TLR3 stimulation improves the migratory potency of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the stress response pathway in the melanoma mouse model.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are utilized as a carrier of anti-tumor agents in targeted anti-cancer therapy. Despite the improvements in this area, there are still some unsolved issues in determining the appropriate dose, method of administration and biodistribution of MSCs. The current study aimed to determine the influence of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation on the potential of MSCs migration to the neoplasm environment in the mouse melanoma model.

Combination of androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide with the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib in triple negative breast cancer cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) that currently lacks specific therapy options. Thus, chemotherapy continues to be the primary treatment, and developing novel targets is a top clinical focus. The androgen receptor (AR) has emerged as a therapeutic target in a subtype of TNBC, with substantial clinical benefits shown in various clinical studies.

Engineered anti-EGFRvIII targeted exosomes induce apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme.

Background: The drug delivery for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been unsatisfactory mainly due to the drug resistance and low targeting efficiency. The selective targeting of GBM cells and using a cocktail of therapeutic agents to synergistically induce apoptosis may help enhance the drug delivery.

Methods: In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were engineered to produce exosomes, i.

Production and characterization of a new specific monoclonal antibody against A-isoform of SALL4: A novel emerging testicular cancer marker.

SALL4 transcription factor plays an important role to maintain the pluripotent and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. It contributes to the growth of many cancers and embryonic development. With the exception of spermatogonia, SALL4 expression is silenced in most adult tissues after birth; nevertheless, it is re-expressed in a subset of different solid malignancies.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on screening and diagnosis of patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: With the exponential progress of patients with COVID-19, unexpected restrictions were directed to limit SARS-CoV-2 dissemination and imposed health-system an entire reformation to diminish transmission risk. These changes likely have caused the full range of cancer screenings and diagnosis gaps. Regardless of the recommendations, prostate cancer (PCa) screening/diagnosis programmes were momentarily postponed.

Saponin and fluorine-modified polycation as a versatile gene delivery system.

Despite the development of many novel carriers for the delivery of various types of genetic material, the lack of a delivery system with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity is a major bottleneck. Herein, low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) was functionalized with saponin residues using phenylboronic acid (PBA) as an ATP-responsive cross-linker, and a fluorinated side chain to construct PEI-PBA-SAP-F polycation as a highly efficient delivery vector. This vehicle could transfect small plasmid DNA (∼3 kb) with outstanding efficiency into various cells, including HEK 293T, NIH3T3, A549, PC12, MCF7 and HT-29, as well as robust transfection of a large plasmid (∼9 kb) into HEK 293T cells.

Bioinformatic Investigation of Micro RNA-802 Target Genes, Protein Networks, and Its Potential Prognostic Value in Breast Cancer.

Background: An increasing number of studies have suggested that unveiling the molecular network of miRNAs may provide novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the probable molecular functions that are related to microRNA-802 (miR-802) and evaluated its prognostic value in breast cancer utilizing bioinformatics tools.

Methods: PPI network, pathway enrichment and transcription factor analysis were applied to obtain hub genes among overlapping genes of four miRNA target prediction databases.

Poly-L-lysine/hyaluronan nanocarriers as a novel nanosystem for gene delivery.

The present research comes up with a novel DNA-loaded poly-L-lysine (PLL)/hyaluronan (HA) nanocarrier (DNA-loaded PLL/HA NCs) for gene delivery applications, as a promising candidate for gene delivery into diverse cells. A straightforward approach was employed to prepare such a nanosystem through masking DNA-loaded PLL molecules by HA. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyse the interaction of the molecules as well as the physicochemical properties of the NCs.