Exploring kartogenin: advances in therapeutics and signaling mechanisms for musculoskeletal regeneration.

Kartogenin (KGN) is a small synthetic heterocyclic molecule with chondrogenic and chondroprotective effects. Since its discovery, there has been a focus on regenerating cartilage damage and treating Osteoarthritis) OA(. In the treatment of OA, it's important to target both cartilage and subchondral bone.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing MicroRNA-126 to Treat Critical Limb Ischemia.

Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is considered the most severe form of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Nowadays, using stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to induce angiogenesis seems like a promising method for CLI therapy. Among the many factors that affect the angiogenesis process, microRNA-126 has an important role.

Personalized medicine in colorectal cancer: a comprehensive study of precision diagnosis and treatment.

Colorectal cancer is a common and fatal disease that affects many people globally. CRC is classified as the third most prevalent cancer among males and the second most frequent cancer among females worldwide. The purpose of this article is to examine how personalized medicine might be used to treat colorectal cancer.

Impact of Tissue Factor Gene Knockout on Coagulation Properties of Umbilical Cord-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) refer to a population of stem cells that exhibit distinct progenitor cell characteristics including the potential for differentiation into a wide range of cell types. MSCs have become a promising candidate for cell therapy and tissue regeneration due to their unique properties, such as their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, their capacity for expansion, self-renewal, and immune-regulatory effects. However, reports have brought attention to thrombosis-related complications associated with MSCs therapy in the last decade.

Metformin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Breast Cancer: Targeting miR-125a Methylation and Epigenetic Regulation.

Breast cancer, characterized by genetic diversity and molecular subtypes, presents significant treatment challenges, especially in human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive cases, which are associated with poor prognosis. Metformin, widely known for its antidiabetic effects, has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy. This study investigates the effect of metformin on miR-125a promoter methylation and its subsequent impact on the HER2 signaling pathway in HER2-positive breast cancer cells (SK-BR3).

Creation of an in vitro model of GM1 gangliosidosis by CRISPR/Cas9 knocking-out the GLB1 gene in SH-SY5Y human neuronal cell line.

GM1 gangliosidosis is one type of hereditary error of metabolism that occurs due to the absence or reduction of β-galactosidase enzyme content in the lysosome of cells, including neurons. In vitro, the use of neural cell lines could facilitate the study of this disease. By creating a cell model of GM1 gangliosidosis on the SH-SY5Y human nerve cell line, it is possible to understand the main role of this enzyme in breaking down lipid substrate and other pathophysiologic phenomena this disease.

Exploring the anti-cancer potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment in pre-clinical and clinical studies.

The link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and an increased risk of breast cancer (BC) has prompted the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies targeting shared metabolic pathways. This review focuses on the emerging evidence surrounding the potential anti-cancer effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the context of BC. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that various SGLT2 inhibitors, such as canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ipragliflozin, and empagliflozin, can inhibit the proliferation of BC cells, induce apoptosis, and modulate key cellular signaling pathways.

Novel insight into FCSK-congenital disorder of glycosylation through a CRISPR-generated cell model.

Background: FCSK-congenital disorder of glycosylation (FCSK-CDG) is a recently discovered rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with defective fucosylation due to mutations in the fucokinase encoding gene, FCSK. Despite the essential role of fucokinase in the fucose salvage pathway and severe multisystem manifestations of FCSK-CDG patients, it is not elucidated which cells or which types of fucosylation are affected by its deficiency.

Methods: In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to construct an FCSK-CDG cell model and explore the molecular mechanisms of the disease by lectin flow cytometry and real-time PCR analyses.

Overview of clinical, molecular, and therapeutic features of Niemann-Pick disease (types A, B, and C): Focus on therapeutic approaches.

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is another type of metabolic disorder that is classified as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The main cause of the disease is mutation in the SMPD1 (type A and B) or NPC1 or NPC2 (type C) genes, which lead to the accumulation of lipid substrates in the lysosomes of the liver, brain, spleen, lung, and bone marrow cells. This is followed by multiple cell damage, dysfunction of lysosomes, and finally dysfunction of body organs.

Gene-edited cells: novel allogeneic gene/cell therapy for epidermolysis bullosa.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic skin fragility disorders, which are hereditary. These disorders are associated with mutations in at least 16 genes that encode components of the epidermal adhesion complex. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this disorder.

Understanding the prion-like behavior of mutant p53 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer pathogenesis: The current therapeutic strategies and future directions.

Breast cancer (BC) is viewed as a significant public health issue and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype that predominantly affects young premenopausal women. The tumor suppressor p53 playsa vital role in the cellular response to DNA damage, and its loss or mutations are commonly present in many cancers, including BC.

Partial Reprogramming as a Method for Regenerating Neural Tissues in Aged Organisms.

Aging causes numerous age-related diseases, leading the human species to death. Nevertheless, rejuvenating strategies based on cell epigenetic modifications are a possible approach to counteract disease progression while getting old. Cell reprogramming of adult somatic cells toward pluripotency ought to be a promising tool for age-related diseases.

PyComp: A Versatile Tool for Efficient Data Extraction, Conversion, and Management in High-throughput Virtual Drug Screening.

Background: Virtual screening (VS) is essential for analyzing potential drug candidates in drug discovery. Often, this involves the conversion of large volumes of compound data into specific formats suitable for computational analysis. Managing and processing this wealth of information, especially when dealing with vast numbers of compounds in various forms, such as names, identifiers, or SMILES strings, can present significant logistical and technical challenges.

Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells: A Promising Off-the-Shelf Therapeutic Strategy for CD38-Positive Malignancies.

Background: CD38 is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and has been successfully targeted by different target therapy methods. This molecule is a critical prognostic marker in both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Objective: We have designed and generated an anti-CD38 CAR-NK cell applying NK 92 cell line.

The Role of Circular RNAs in Male Infertility and Reproductive Cancers: A Narrative Review.

Infertility is a global health problem affecting about 15% of all couples, of which 50% are due to male infertility. Although the etiology of infertility is known in most infertile men, idiopathic male infertility remains a challenge. Therefore, there is a need for novel diagnostic methods to detect the underlying mechanisms and develop appropriate therapies.

An Investigation into Cell-Free DNA in Different Common Cancers.

Diagnosis is the most important step in different diseases, especially in cancers and blood malignancies. There are different methods in order to better diagnose of cancer, but many of them are invasive and also, some of them are not useful for immediate diagnosis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or liquid biopsy easily accessible in peripheral blood is one of the non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in various areas of cancer management.

Gene therapy approaches for GM1 gangliosidosis: Focus on animal and cellular studies.

One of the most important inherited metabolic disorders is GM1 gangliosidosis, which is a progressive neurological disorder. The main cause of this disease is a genetic defect in the enzyme β-galactosidase due to a mutation in the glb1 gene. Lack of this enzyme in cells (especially neurons) leads to the accumulation of ganglioside substrate in nerve tissues, followed by three clinical forms of GM1 disease (neonatal, juvenile, and adult variants).

The Role of Tissue Factor In Signaling Pathways of Pathological Conditions and Angiogenesis.

Tissue factor (TF) is an integral transmembrane protein associated with the extrinsic coagulation pathway. TF gene expression is regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and mechanical injuries. TF activity may be affected by phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain and alternative splicing.

Recent advances and applications of peptide-agent conjugates for targeting tumor cells.

Background: Cancer, being a complex disease, presents a major challenge for the scientific and medical communities. Peptide therapeutics have played a significant role in different medical practices, including cancer treatment.

Method: This review provides an overview of the current situation and potential development prospects of anticancer peptides (ACPs), with a particular focus on peptide vaccines and peptide-drug conjugates for cancer treatment.

A Review on Advanced CRISPR-Based Genome-Editing Tools: Base Editing and Prime Editing.

In the field of medicine, it is axiomatic that the need of a precise gene-editing tool is critical to employ therapeutic approaches toward pathogenic mutations, occurring in human genome. Today we know that most of genetic defects are caused by single-base pair substitutions in genomic DNA. The ability to make practically any targeted substitutions of DNA sequences at specified regions in the human genome gives us the chance to employ gene therapy in most known diseases associated with genetic variants.

Impact of Various Parameters as Predictors of The Success Rate of Fertilization.

A woman who is infertile is defined as a woman who is unable to conceive after having unprotected sex for more than one year. 20-25% of couples worldwide suffer from infertility each year (60 to 80 million couples). fertilization (IVF) plays a significant role in the treatment of various types of infertility, including fallopian tube defects, endometriosis, immunity, and male causes.

Exosome as a target for cancer treatment.

Exosomes are small vesicles covered by a lipid bilayer, ranging in size from 50 nm to 90 nm, secreted by different cell types in the body under normal and pathological conditions. They are surrounded by cell-segregated membrane complexes and play a role in the pathological and physiological environments of target cells by transfer of different molecules such as microRNA (miRNA). Exosomes have been detected in many body fluids, such as in the amniotic fluid, urine, breast milk, blood, saliva, ascites, semen, and bile.

Angiogenesis in diabetic mouse model with critical limb ischemia; cell and gene therapy.

Purpose: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease that diabetes mellitus is one of its major risk factors. MiR-126 as an endothelial cells specific miRNA plays a main role in angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to find a promising treatment by increasing therapeutic potential of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) with microRNA-126 in diabetic mouse model with critical limb ischemia.

CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in toward creating a Rett syndrome cell model with a synonymous mutation in the MECP2 gene.

Background: Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutation in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. This gene encodes a methylated DNA-binding protein, which acts as a transcriptional regulatory factor. The present study aimed to establish a cell model of Rett syndrome with the MECP2 synonymous mutation c.

Functional mechanisms of miR-192 family in cancer.

By growing research on the mechanisms and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), the role of these noncoding RNAs gained more attention in healthcare. Due to the remarkable regulatory role of miRNAs, any dysregulation in their expression causes cellular functional impairment. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that these small molecules contribute to development, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor growth.