In Vitro Modeling of Atherosclerosis Using iPSC-Derived Blood Vessel Organoids.

As modeling of atherosclerosis requires recapitulating complex interactions with vasculature and immune cells, previous in vitro models have limitations due to their insufficient 3D vascular structures. However, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood vessel organoids (BVOs) are applicable for modeling vascular diseases, containing multiple cell types, including endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells self-assembled into a blood vessel structure. Atherosclerotic BVOs with a microenvironment associated with atherogenesis, such as shear stress, low-density lipoprotein, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and monocyte co-culture are successfully developed.

Application of nano-graphene oxide as nontoxic disinfectant against alpha and betacoronaviruses.

New viruses are continuously emerging and recently there have been many great concerns on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Nanographene oxide (nanoGO) has received much attention and is widely investigated to be utilised in therapy for infectious diseases by viruses. Thus, antiviral activity of nanoGO was evaluated using the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and SARS-CoV-2, which are all Alpha- and Beta-coronavirus.