Human Papillomavirus Persistence, Recurrence, and Incidence in Early Childhood.

Background: Little is known on the vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) and on the dynamics of HPV among children. Our objective was to determine the risk of HPV recurrence, persistence, and incidence over 2 years of age among children born to HPV-positive mothers.

Methods: We conducted the HERITAGE study among pregnant women recruited between 2010 and 2016 in Canada.

Viral Load of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) During Pregnancy and Its Association With HPV Vertical Transmission.

Little is known on the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load during pregnancy and on the impact of viral load on HPV vertical transmission. We described viral loads for several genotypes during pregnancy and analyse its association with vertical transmission. Data were analysed from the HERITAGE study, a cohort of pregnant women recruited between 2010 and 2016 in three centres in Canada.

Larger versus smaller red blood cell volume per transfusion in hospitalized adults, children, and preterm neonates.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to compare the effectiveness and safety of larger versus smaller RBC volume per transfusion for anemia in hospitalized adults, children, and preterm neonates.

Two months outcomes following delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit.

The lasting consequences of delirium in children are not well characterized. This study aimed to compare the two-month outcomes in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors according to the presence of delirium. Post-hoc analysis of a single-center prospective study of mechanically ventilated (invasive ventilation or non-invasive ventilation) children followed at the CHU Sainte-Justine PICU follow-up clinic two months after PICU discharge, between October 2018 and August 2022.

Association between the Mode of Delivery and Vertical Transmission of Human Papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be vertically transmitted. Our objective was to measure the association between the mode of delivery and the detection of HPV in infants. We used data collected from pregnant women during the HERITAGE study.

Association between Human Papillomavirus 16 Viral Load in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth.

Recent evidence shows increased preterm birth risk with human papillomavirus-16 (HPV16) infection during pregnancy. This study aimed to measure the association between HPV16 viral load during pregnancy and preterm birth. We used data from participants in the HERITAGE study.

Iron Deficiency in Anemic Children Surviving Critical Illness: Post Hoc Analysis of a Single-Center Prospective Cohort in Canada, 2019-2022.

Objectives: Many children leave the PICU with anemia. The mechanisms of post-PICU anemia are poorly investigated, and treatment of anemia, other than blood, is rarely started during PICU. We aimed to characterize the contributions of iron depletion (ID) and/or inflammation in the development of post-PICU anemia and to explore the utility of hepcidin (a novel iron marker) at detecting ID during inflammation.

Patient and Family Experience With Discharge Directly Home From the Pediatric ICU.

Background: Children are increasingly discharged directly from the PICU. Transitions have been recognized as a period of increased patient and caregiver stress and risk of adverse events. No study has evaluated patient and caregiver outcomes after direct discharge from the PICU.

Association Between Length of Storage of Transfused Packed RBC Units and Outcome of Surgical Critically Ill Adults: A Subgroup Analysis of the Age of Blood Evaluation Randomized Trial.

Objectives: The Age of Blood Evaluation (ABLE) study reported no clinical benefit in fresher compared with standard delivery RBC units (length of storage: 6.9 ± 4.1 vs 22.

Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI): Evolution of an Investigator-Initiated Research Network.

The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network originated over 20 years ago to foster research to optimize the care of critically ill infants and children. Over this period, PALISI has seen two major evolutions: formalization of our network infrastructure and a broadening of our clinical research focus. First, the network is unique in that its activities and meetings are funded by subscriptions from members who now comprise a multidisciplinary group of investigators from over 90 PICUs all over the United States (US) and Canada, with collaborations across the globe.

Platelet transfusion practice pattern before and after implementation of a local restrictive transfusion protocol in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: Following the results of the PlaNeT-2 randomized controlled trial showing decreased morbidity and mortality in neonates transfused at a threshold of 25 versus 50 × 10 platelets/L, a protocol supporting restrictive platelet transfusions was established in 2019 at the Sainte-Justine Hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study aimed to: (1) determine the impact of a local restrictive transfusion protocol on the number of platelet transfusions and donor exposure; (2) compare platelet-transfusion determinants and justifications before and after its implementation.

Study Design And Methods: Prospective observational cohort chart-review study comparing all neonates consecutively admitted to the NICU during two 5-months periods: 2013 (before; N = 401) versus 2021 (after; N = 402).

Strategies to Reduce Diagnostic Blood Loss and Anemia in Hospitalized Patients: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Blood sampling is a recognized contributor to hospital-acquired anemia. We aimed to bundle all published neonatal, pediatric, and adult data regarding clinical interventions to reduce diagnostic blood loss.

Data Sources: Four electronic databases were searched for eligible studies from inception until May 2021.

Discharge Directly Home From the PICU: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Healthcare constraints with decreasing bed availability cause strain in acute care units, and patients are more frequently being discharged directly home. Our objective was to describe the population, predictors, and explore PICU readmission rates of patients discharged directly home from PICU, compared with those discharge to the hospital ward, then home.

Design: An observational cohort study.

Efficacy and safety of low-dose versus high-dose hydrocortisone to treat hypotension in neonates: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Impaired adrenal function is a well-described entity in critically ill term and preterm neonates with systemic hypotension. The standard treatment for neonatal hypotension includes volume expanders and vasopressors. Recent evidence supports the use of glucocorticoids for the primary or rescue treatment of neonatal hypotension associated with impaired adrenal function.

Impact of Blood Sampling on Anemia in the PICU: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Fifty percent of children are anemic after a critical illness. Iatrogenic blood testing may be a contributor to this problem. The objectives of this study were to describe blood sampling practice in a PICU, determine patient factors associated with increased sampling, and examine the association among blood sampling volume, anemia at PICU discharge, and change in hemoglobin from PICU entry to PICU discharge.

Risk factors for placental human papillomavirus infection.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but placental HPV infection has been rarely studied. The objective was to determine the proportion of HPV-positive placentas and the associated risk factors among HPV-positive women during pregnancy.

Methods: We analysed data from pregnant women enrolled in HERITAGE cohort study between 2010 and 2016 with positive vaginal HPV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy (n=354).

Transfusion-Associated Delirium in Children: No Difference Between Short Storage Versus Standard Issue RBCs.

Objectives: Primary objective is to determine if transfusion of short storage RBCs compared with standard issue RBCs reduced risk of delirium/coma in critically ill children. Secondary objective is to assess if RBC transfusion was independently associated with delirium/coma.

Design: This study was performed in two stages.

Clinical Reasoning Behind Antibiotic Use in PICUs: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: To describe the reasoning processes used by pediatric intensivists to make antibiotic-related decisions.

Design: Grounded theory qualitative study.

Setting: Three Canadian university-affiliated tertiary medical, surgical, and cardiac PICUs.

Executive Summary of Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children: From the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB).

Objectives: Critically ill children frequently receive plasma and platelet transfusions. We sought to determine evidence-based recommendations, and when evidence was insufficient, we developed expert-based consensus statements about decision-making for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill pediatric patients.

Design: Systematic review and consensus conference series involving multidisciplinary international experts in hemostasis, and plasma/platelet transfusion in critically ill infants and children (Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding [TAXI-CAB]).