Hepatotoxicity evaluation of cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabichromene and cannabigerol using a human quad culture liver chip.

Due to the increasing availability of hemp-derived products for recreational and medicinal use, it is imperative to understand the hepatotoxicity of the naturally occurring phytocannabinoids. Though, traditionally animal models or in vitro techniques are used to evaluate hepatotoxicity, these methods often fail due to the species differences and lack of the needed complexity. Thus, this study investigated the hepatotoxicity potential of Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabichromene (CBC), and Cannabigerol (CBG) using the Emulate Quad-Culture Liver-Chip model.