Iron in multiple sclerosis - from pathophysiology to disease progression - a narrative literature review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune illness characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration, which causes physical disability and severe alterations in the neurological system, including gliosis and neuron loss. The disease primarily affects myelinated parts of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the optic nerves, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord. T cells play an important role in MS pathogenesis by inducing demyelination, and risk factors include genetic predisposition, environmental effects, and lifestyle decisions.

Thyroid Cancer: Epidemiology, Classification, Risk Factors, Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies.

Thyroid cancer (TC) invariably remains the most prevalent endocrine cancer in the world. Major histological forms of TC include papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), medullary (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), each of which has a unique clinical and molecular profile. The incidence rate of TC is higher in females, and unfortunately, it has tended to increase over the last several years.

Significance of Immune and Non-Immune Cell Stroma as a Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-From Inflammation to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer as well as the most prevalent cause of death in the adult patient population with cirrhosis. The occurrence of HCC is primarily caused by chronic liver inflammation that might occur because of a viral infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or various lifestyle-associated factors. The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the microenvironment of HCC, indicating how immune- and non-immune-cell stroma might affect the onset and progression of HCC.

Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status.

Nutritional Supplements for Skin Health-A Review of What Should Be Chosen and Why.

Supplementation of micronutrients is considered to be crucial in the reinforcement of the skin's barrier. In this paper, 14 nutritional compounds commonly used in food or pharmaceutic industries were analyzed in terms of influencing skin conditions. The major objective of this paper was to provide a narrative review of the available literature regarding several chosen compounds that are currently widely recommended as supplements that aim to maintain proper and healthy skin conditions.

Technological Advances in a Therapy of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Insights into Current Nanotechnologies.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and progressive optic nerve damage. The current therapeutic approaches for glaucoma management, such as eye drops and oral medications, face challenges including poor bioavailability, low patient compliance, and limited efficacy. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these limitations and revolutionize glaucoma treatment.

How Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Our Eyes-What Have We Learnt So Far about the Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19?

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a worldwide threat resulting in a pandemic in 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests itself as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is evidenced in a vast number of either specific or nonspecific symptoms. Except for typical (but nonspecific) symptoms such as fever, dry cough, or muscle weakness, the infected patients might also present atypical symptoms including neurological, dermatological, or ophthalmic manifestations.

Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review.

Gynecological neoplasms pose a serious threat to women's health. It is estimated that in 2020, there were nearly 1.3 million new cases worldwide, from which almost 50% ended in death.

The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Fertility and Female and Male Reproductive Systems.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains a huge challenge for contemporary healthcare systems. Apart from widely reported acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the virus affects many other systems inducing a vast number of symptoms such as gastrointestinal, neurological, dermatological, cardiovascular, and many more. Currently it has also been hypothesized that the virus might affect female and male reproductive systems; SARS-CoV-2 infection could also have a role in potential disturbances to human fertility.

Treatment Strategies of Gastric Cancer-Molecular Targets for Anti-angiogenic Therapy: a State-of-the-art Review.

Purpose: Recent studies have suggested that molecular targets for the anti-angiogenic therapy might constitute a basis for additional therapy in gastric cancer treatment. A vast number of molecules, receptors, pathways, specific interactions, and thus strategies that target gastric cancer angiogenesis specifically have been reported in numerous research articles and clinical trials.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of molecularly targeted treatment strategies in gastric cancer on the following databases-PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus-on September 20, 2020.