Qualitative Exploration of the Impact of Workplace Culture on Belonging, Burnout, and Career Exit for Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Background: Gender disparities exist in cardiothoracic surgery (CT), though qualitative investigations are lacking. We aimed to explore the impact of workplace culture on belonging, burnout, and career exit for women in CT.

Study Design: We conducted virtual semi-structured interviews with women cardiothoracic surgeons in practice for ≥5 years across the United States from 9/2024 to 12/2024.

Divergent resistance pathways amongst SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors highlight the need for scaffold diversity.

Drug-escape, where a target evolves to escape inhibition from a drug, has the potential to lead to cross-resistance where drugs that are structurally related or share similar binding mechanisms all become less effective. PLpro inhibitors are currently under development and many emerging PLpro inhibitors are derived from GRL0617, a repurposed SARS-CoV PLpro inhibitor with moderate activity against SARS-CoV-2. Two leading derivatives, PF-07957472 and Jun12682, demonstrate low nanomolar activity and display activity in mice.

From Trees to Traits: A Review of Advances in PhyloG2P Methods and Future Directions.

Mapping genotypes to phenotypes is a fundamental goal in biology. Phylogenetic Genotype to Phenotype mapping methods are a relatively new set of tools that aim to identify genomic regions associated with trait variation between species. Here, we review recent developments in Phylogenetic Genotype to Phenotype mapping methods, focusing on three key areas: methods based on replicated substitutions at individual amino acid sites; methods detecting changes in evolutionary rates; and methods analyzing gene duplication and loss.

Metabolic Control and Frequency of Clinical Monitoring Among Canadian Children With Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Achieving and maintaining metabolic control is critical for children with phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study investigated metabolic control and monitoring frequency of children with PAH deficiency (≤ 12 years) treated at one of 12 pediatric metabolic centres across Canada. We abstracted data from medical charts and analyzed outcomes by age and diagnostic classification, using mixed effects regression.

Impact of physiological transitions during forward processing on Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli risks in lettuce.

Cold stress during forward processing delays of lettuce can induce the formation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and pose risks of foodborne disease outbreaks. This study investigated the effect of physiological changes during the forward processing cold chain on the risks of illness from consuming lettuce contaminated with STEC O157:H7. A probabilistic quantitative microbial risk assessment model was developed to quantify the risks associated with consuming field-bagged Romaine hearts and shredded and packaged lettuce contaminated with STEC O157:H7.