Comparison of Botulinum Toxin A Formulations for Glabellar Strain Treatment in Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multiple botulinum toxin A formulations were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating the glabellar rhytids. A comparative quantitative evaluation of their effects on the glabella has not been conducted.

Objective: To provide an objective quantitative assessment of the effect of 4 botulinum toxin A formulations on glabellar strain across using dynamic 3-dimensional photogrammetry.

A Large Prospective Volumetric and Patient-Reported Outcome Analysis Of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers to the Face.

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) facial fillers are a non-surgical treatment for age-related changes. Literature on long-term volumetric results and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is limited. This prospective study aims to precisely define and measure objective tissue metrics and PROs of HA fillers in different facial regions over 12 weeks.

Female Genital Mutilation Reconstruction: Surgical Technique.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) reconstruction has been shown to be a safe procedure that contributes to improvements in physical and emotional sexual health. Genital reconstructive procedures are increasing in demand, but access to these surgeries is severely limited. This represents an opportunity for plastic surgeons to leverage their reconstructive expertise in delivering both functional and aesthetic rehabilitation to FGM survivors.

Multimodal Pilot Evaluation of a Hyaluronic Acid Infraorbital Filler Using Precise, Multipositional, 3-Dimensional Imaging Quantification, Patient-Reported Outcomes, and Anatomic Cadaveric Assessments.

Background: Despite the high demand of filler in the infraorbital area, there remains debate on injection practices, precise anatomical placement, and hyaluronic acid (HA) filler behavior.

Objectives: We aimed to contribute to the clinical and anatomic understanding of infraorbital HA injection through a prospective patient injection study in combination with a cadaveric analysis.

Methods: Patients were injected with Volbella XC (JUVÉDERM, Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA) into the tear trough region by a single experienced aesthetic plastic surgeon.

Menopause in Plastic Surgery Patients: An Underrecognized and Undertreated Comorbidity.

Nearly half of all patients undergoing plastic surgery are middle-aged cisgender women, all of whom will experience menopause. Plastic surgeons do not treat menopause directly, but it can be a concern-and even a motivating factor-for patients seeking plastic surgery. In addition, the changes associated with menopause underlie problems that many plastic surgeons seek to address, including with face lifts, breast surgery, and vaginal rejuvenation.

Use of Cosmetic Facial Injectables After Facial Aesthetic Surgery.

Background: Over the last 2 decades, both invasive and minimally invasive aesthetic procedures have proliferated. Aesthetic surgeons often recommend injectable treatments after cosmetic facial surgery for multiple reasons. However, literature is lacking on how cosmetic surgery affects postoperative facial injectable use.

Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes of 19 Patients Undergoing Clitoral and Labial Reconstruction After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting.

Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is the intentional alteration, removal, or injury of female genitalia for non-medical reasons. Approximately 200 million females have been victims of FGM/C, and genital reconstructive procedures are increasing in demand.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess clinical and patient-reported outcomes after FGM/C reconstruction to help guide treatment practices.

Modern Fat Grafting Techniques to the Face and Neck.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand age-related changes to the face and neck and pertinent anatomy and discuss important aspects of fat graft harvesting, processing, and infiltration. 2.

A Systematic Review of Aesthetic Surgery Training Within Plastic Surgery Training Programs in the USA: An In-Depth Analysis and Practical Reference.

Background: The importance of aesthetic surgery exposure for plastic and reconstructive trainees has been recently validated by the expansion of case requirements for aesthetic procedures from 50 to 150, as well as resident-driven desire for increased cosmetic exposure throughout training. We aim to systematically review the literature at a national level to report on overall trends in aesthetic surgery training within PRS residencies.

Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus identified all English articles published in the USA between 2000 and 2020, using a combination of "aesthetic surgery", "cosmetic surgery", "plastic surgery", "residency and internship", "education", and "training.

The Role of Plastic Surgeons in Female Genital Mutilation Reconstructive Surgery.

The World Health Organization defines female genital mutilation (FGM) as any procedure involving partial or total removal of female external genitalia or other injury to genital organs for non-medical indications. Despite prohibitory legislation in the United States and significant morbidity related to FGM procedures, the practice continues throughout the globe with three million women at risk annually. Surgical care for women with FGM has historically been in the hands of obstetrician and Gynaecologists (OB GYNs), and mainly focused to help safe labor and delivery.

Influence of Self-Perceived Vulvar Appearance on Female Sexual Function.

Background: Female sexual function is a complex model of biological and nonbiological factors. The impact of self-perceived vulvar appearance on female sexual function is not well understood.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of vulvar appearance on sexual function in adult women.

Better Results in Facial Rejuvenation with Fillers.

Facial rejuvenation is a rapidly advancing field in aesthetic medicine. Minimally invasive techniques represent a powerful tool for rejuvenation, and fillers are a popular modality with which to restore and optimize facial proportions. Currently, our filler armamentarium is characterized by products with an increasing variety of biochemical compositions warranting tailored injection approaches.

Safety in Female Genital Plastic Surgery.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, participants should be able to: (1) Identify the most appropriate type of anesthesia for the female genital plastic surgical patient and minimize risks of nerve injury and thromboembolic event through proper preoperative evaluation and knowledge of positioning. (2) Define the vulvovaginal anatomy, including common variants, and assess vulvovaginal tissues after childbirth and menopause. (3) Apply surgical techniques to minimize complications in female genital plastic surgery.

National Survey of US Plastic Surgeon Experience with Female Genital Mutilation.

Unlabelled: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a growing problem in the United States, with the past few decades showing a dramatic increase in prevalence. This study aims to understand the plastic surgeon experience with FGM and inform preparedness for this rising problem.

Methods: A 26-question survey was developed and electronically distributed to a random cohort of 2,508 active American Society of Plastic Surgeons members.

The Impact of Race, Age, Gender, Income, and Level of Education on Motivations to Pursue Cosmetic Surgery and Surgeon Selection at an Academic Institution.

Background: Aesthetic surgery is a personal choice that appeals to a wide population of individuals. The authors investigated how race and ethnicity, age, gender, income, and education level affect patient motivation to pursue cosmetic surgery and selection of a plastic surgeon.

Methods: One hundred seventy-two consecutive patients from two surgeons (an African American man and a Caucasian woman) completed surveys from 2016 to 2017 that assessed their decision to pursue cosmetic surgery.

An Objective, Quantitative, Dynamic Assessment of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers That Adapt to Facial Movement.

Background: Objective dynamic assessments are central to the evaluation of facial rejuvenation treatments. This study used three-dimensional digital stereophotogrammetry to generate a quantitative dynamic assessment of facial strain and hyaluronic acid filler efficacy.

Methods: Thirty women (aged 41 to 65 years) with moderate to severe bilateral nasolabial folds and marionette lines received Restylane Refyne, Restylane Defyne, or both, and were compared to a "younger" untreated group (n = 20; aged 25 to 35 years).

Dynamics of hyaluronic acid fillers formulated to maintain natural facial expression.

Background: Subjects seeking facial rejuvenation want the results to appear natural. Currently, however, there is no consensus definition of, or assessment scale for, "naturalness."

Aims: This open-label pilot study explored evaluation techniques and criteria to assess naturalness of facial movement and expression following optimal bilateral correction of moderate-to-severe nasolabial folds and marionette lines with soft-tissue hyaluronic acid fillers formulated with XpresHAn Technology™.

Identification of a mesenchymal progenitor cell hierarchy in adipose tissue.

Metabolic health depends on the capacity of adipose tissue progenitor cells to undergo de novo adipogenesis. The cellular hierarchy and mechanisms governing adipocyte progenitor differentiation are incompletely understood. Through single-cell RNA sequence analyses, we show that the lineage hierarchy of adipocyte progenitors consists of distinct mesenchymal cell types that are present in both mouse and human adipose tissues.

Female Genital Mutilation Reconstruction for Plastic Surgeons-A Call to Arms.

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is performed for historically engrained cultural beliefs with no recognized health benefits. FGM continues to be practiced secondary to motivating factors based on cultural beliefs, the majority of which aim to maintain the "purity" of the female victim. The World Health Organization has classified FGM into 4 types ranging from partial clitoral resection to complete clitoral excision along with the majority of the vulva.

Fibroblasts Derived From Human Adipose Stem Cells Produce More Effective Extracellular Matrix and Migrate Faster Compared to Primary Dermal Fibroblasts.

Background: The efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to improve wound healing has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, no consistent reports have described significant improvements in healing time or outcomes in large-scale clinical trials utilizing human ASCs. Primarily, these studies examined undifferentiated ASCs as opposed to specific cells differentiated from ASCs.

Ageism and Health in Patients Undergoing Cosmetic Procedures.

Background: Ageism is a common form of prejudice that negatively affects the health of older adults. Anti-aging procedures are increasingly popular among patients seeking aesthetic surgery and minimally invasive treatments.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of age-based discrimination, and its relationship to health, among patients seeking cosmetic procedures.