Rheological behavior of ulvan-based networks: Influence of cations, pH and chemical composition.

The rheological behavior of ulvan/kappa-carrageenan, ulvan/funoran and ulvan/gelatin mixtures is investigated using dynamic rheology to provide insights into the phase aggregation behavior of each ulvan-based network. The average molecular weight of extracted ulvan was between 436 and 573 kDa, and contained varying amounts of sulfate (10.3-28.

Stable Isotope Analysis Reveals Common Teal () Molting Sites in Western Siberia: Implications for Avian Influenza Virus Spread.

The wetlands of southwestern Siberia (SWS) are a crossroads of bird migration routes, bringing avian influenza (AIV) strains that were previously isolated in different regions of the continent to Siberia. It is known that Anseriformes that breed in SWS migrate for the winter to central Hindustan or further west, while their migration routes to southeast Asia (SEA) remain unconfirmed. Here, we mapped the molting sites of the migrating Common Teals () via analyzing stable hydrogen isotope content in feathers of hunters' prey and supplemented the analysis with the genetic structure of viruses isolated from teals in the same region.