Neurofilament light chain serum levels correlate with 10-year MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the value of annual serum neurofilament light (NfL) measures in predicting 10-year clinical and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We identified patients in our center's Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations in MS at Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) study enrolled within 5 years of disease onset, and with annual blood samples up to 10 years ( = 122). Serum NfL was measured using a single molecule array (SIMOA) assay.

A probiotic modulates the microbiome and immunity in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Effect of a probiotic on the gut microbiome and peripheral immune function in healthy controls and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: MS patients (N = 9) and controls (N = 13) were orally administered a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus twice-daily for two months. Blood and stool specimens were collected at baseline, after completion of the 2-month treatment, and 3 months after discontinuation of therapy.

Transcriptional signature of human pro-inflammatory T17 cells identifies reduced IL10 gene expression in multiple sclerosis.

We have previously reported the molecular signature of murine pathogenic T17 cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in animals. Here we show that human peripheral blood IFN-γIL-17 (T1/17) and IFN-γIL-17 (T17) CD4 T cells display distinct transcriptional profiles in high-throughput transcription analyses. Compared to T17 cells, T1/17 cells have gene signatures with marked similarity to mouse pathogenic T17 cells.